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Microbiology > Eukaryotes > Flashcards

Eukaryotes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes

6 points

A
  1. Membrane bound organelles vs Protein shelled ‘organelles’ in some
  2. Histones in nucleus vs simple nucleoid
  3. Complex flagella and cillia vs simple flagella
  4. Complex chromoosome no plasmids vs. simple circular/linear chromosome and plasmids
  5. complete cytoexoskeleton vs simple cytoexoskeleton
  6. streaming in cytosol vs no streaming in cytosol
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2
Q

Protists

A
  1. neither animal, plant or fungus
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3
Q

protists group [7 protist groups all together]

Excavata (Protist pathogens)

characteristics

A
  1. Unicellular, Multi-flagellate, Modified mitochondria
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4
Q

Compare the different groups of ‘plant’ microbes
Red Algae vs Green algae
6 points

A
  1. Marine habitat vs freshwater species
  2. Double cell wall - agrose, cellulose vs nil
  3. Mostly multicellular seaweeds vs mostly unicellular
  4. non-stacked thylakoids vs stacked thylakoids
  5. Chlorophyll a and d vs chlorophyll a and b
  6. non motile sperm vs paired flagella if present
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5
Q

Plants vs fungi

A
  1. autotrophic - chloroplasts vs heterotrophic
  2. Cellulose cell wall vs chitin cell wall
  3. seeds vs spores
    4 uninuclear vs often binuclear
  4. roots vs mycelium
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6
Q

Fungal morphology KEY TO LEARN

A

see desktop

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7
Q

Ascomycota

A

largest phylum of fungi

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8
Q

Asomycota

A
  1. Hyphal growth
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9
Q

Yeasts

A

Budding yeast

Fission yeast

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10
Q

Evolution of Eukaryotes

A

Endosymbiont theory
1. infoldings in plasma membrane of ancestral prokaryote = endomembrane compartments (nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum)

  1. ancestral eukaryote consumed aerobic bacteria = evolved into mitochondria
  2. consumed photosynthetic bacteria = evolved into chloroplasts
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11
Q

3 Microbial eukaryotes

A
  1. Protists
  2. Fungi
  3. Plants
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12
Q

Ecavata: T. brucei morphology

A
  1. Kinetoplast [a mass of mitochondrial DNA lying close to the nucleus in some flagellate protozoa]
  2. nucleus
  3. flagellum
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13
Q

protists group [7 protist groups all together]

SAR and Hacrobia

characteristics

A
  1. Silica/carbonate shelled unicellular eukaryotes
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14
Q

Fungal growth

A

Hyphal growth

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15
Q

Example of Ascomycota

A

Penicillium notatum

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16
Q

Asomycete life cycle

A

Asexual : budding

sexual

17
Q

Yeast reproduction

A

sexual
asexual (most common)
Saccharomyces cerevesiae
Budding yeast

Schizoaccharomyces pombe
Fission yeast

18
Q

Cordyceps

A
  1. genus of ascomycete fungi

2. most parasitic

19
Q

Basidiomycota

6 points

A
  1. Mushrooms, rusts, shelf fungi, puffballs, toadstools
  2. Saprotrophs – decompose cellulose and lignin
  3. Septate hyphae
  4. Sexual reproduction > Basidium (club shaped)
  5. Often large fruiting body called basidiocarp
  6. Can release millions of spores
20
Q

Glomerulomycota

A
  1. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
  2. No sexual reproduction
  3. Obligate symbionts

Sugars to fungi

‘P’ to plants
Selective uptake of NH4+ - lowers soil pH to mobilise PO42-

21
Q

Zygomycota

5 points example

A
  1. Mostly saprotrophic – found in soil/on food
  2. Hyphae are aseptate
  3. Asexual spores develop into pin-head like sporangia at hyphal tips
  4. Spores dispersed by wind
  5. Sexual reproduction leads to tough zygospores

Notable species: bread mould: eg. Rhizopus stolonifer, Pilobolus

22
Q

Chytridiomycota lifecycle

A
  1. asexual

2. live in skin of frogs and kill them

23
Q

Oomycetes

A
  1. Are not fungi!
  2. Morphologically and phylogenetically distinct!
  3. Major plant pathogens
24
Q

Natural products and secondary metabolites

A
  1. Psilocybin - sits in brain causes hallucination
  2. penicillin - antibiotic
  3. alfatoxin - majority of liver posioning, wheat rice
25
Q

Antifungal drugs

A 
1. Griseofulvin 
Produced by a Penicillium
Used to treat ringworm
Nasty side-effects
Mitosis inhibitor – binds tubulin

Microbiology (13 decks)

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