Eubacteria Flashcards
Domain and Kingdom
Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom: Eubacteria
Arrangement of Bacteria
Double: “Diplo” + shape
Chain: “Strepto” + shape
Cluster: “Staphylo” + shape
Single: shape name
Shape of Bacteria
Spherical - coccus
Rod-Like - bacillus
Spiral-shaped - spirillium
Within Kingdom Eubacteria
Proteobacteria Clade Chlamydia Clade Spirochete Clade Cyanobacteria Clade Gram-Positive Bacteria Clade
Proteobacteria
Diverse clade of gram-negative bacteria. Species can be aerobic, anaerobic, autotrophic, heterotrophic, or chemoautotrophic.
Within Proteobacteria:
Alpha Subgroup Beta Subgroup Gamma Subgroup Delta Subgroup Epsilon Subgroup Acidobacteria Subgroup (not really covered)
Alpha Subgroup
Most species are closely associated with a eukaryotic host. Depedent on the host. Mitochondria in eukaryotes is a good example. Rhizobium inside root cell of legume (nitrogen fixing). Mitochondria in eukaryotes- endosymbiosis with two groups.
Beta Subgroup
Nitrosomanos important for recycling nitrogen in ecosystems. Energy from nitrogen recycle. Organic forms of nitrogen fixed by this group. NH4+ –> NO2-
Gamma Subgroup
Mainly chemoautotrophic. Energy by oxidizing H2S (hydrogen sulfide). Some heterotrophic pathogens (salmonella, cholera, E. coli)
Delta Subgroup
Soil-living. During droughts, cells congregate to form fruiting bodies. Fruiting bodies produce myxospores. Bdellovibrio- 100 micrometers per second travel speed. Drilling occurs at 100 rotations per second.
Epsilon Subgroup
Pathogenic bacteria. Helicobacteria phylori causes stomach ulcers. Campylobacteria causes blood poisoning.
Chlamydia Clade
Parasitic, only survive in host as they are dependent on ATP production. Gram negative bacteria, lack peptidoglycan entirely. Most common STD in the U.S., also leading cause of blindness worldwide.
Spirochete Clade
All spirillium shaped, all gram negative. Endocellular flagella. Move like a corkscrew. Free-living and parasitic (syphilis, lyme disease).
Cyanobacteria Clade
Gram negative, photoautotrophic, only bacteria that undergo photosythesis. Chloroplasts in eukaryotes –> endosymbiosis with this group. Lots of filamentous, sphere, and sheet formations. Have nitrogen-fixing heterocysts.
Gram Positive Bacteria Clade
Actinomycetes- soil bacteria that give it the “earthly odor”. Streptomyce within this group. More antibiotics from this group than any other in the world given by these guys. Some pathogens- Tuberculosis, Anthrax, and botulism.
