Archaebacteria Flashcards
Domain and Kingdom?
Domain: Archae
Kingdom: Archaebacteria
Features of some to all?
Cell wall of pseudopeptidoglycan. Plasma membrane has branched hydrophobic tails with ether linkage (phosphate group attached to top carbon) in lipid monolayer. Allows archaebacteria to withstand harsh conditions. No pathogens or parasites in this kindgom. Most archae live in soil, marshes, or oceans if they are not extremophiles. Methane producers of the world. Some photosynthetic archae, but no chlorophyll, retinol instead.
Halophiles
Condition of archae to love extreme salinity (high salt).
Acidophiles
Condition of archae to love acidic conditions.
Thermophile
Condition of archae to love high temperatures.
Euryarchaeotes
Only phyla of Archae not part of TACK supergroup. Methanogens included in this group. Many extreme halophiles, with some requiring very high salinities to live. Protein bacteriarhodopsin allows for ability to withstand high salinities.
TACK Supergroup contains:
Thaumarchaeotes
Aigarchaeotes
Crenarchaeotes
Korarchaeotes
Thaumarchaeotes
Newer phylum (as of 2008). Contains only four species. All are chemoautotrophs, all use ammonium (NH4+).
Aigarchaeotes
Only one species and one organism in this group. Found at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. Called: Nanoarchaeum equitans. Found as obligate symbiont of Ignicoccus.
Crenarchaetoes
Most within this group are extremophiles. Extreme thermophiles or acidophiles (or both). Some not metabolically active until 55 degrees Celsius (135 degrees Farenheit). Can grow in temperatures as high as 113 degrees Celsius (236 degrees Fahrenheit). Grow best in pH from 2-3. Example: Thermos aquaticus- thermally stable and responsbile for Polymerase Chain Reaction cultivation.
Korarchaeotes
“Kora” = young person. This is ironic considering this is one of the most primitive archae found. Only found in high temperature, hydrothermal environments.
