EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (week 7) Flashcards
what does MSFD stand for
ER Marine Strategy Framework Directive
What was the MSFD ‘s goal
Member states shall maintain good environment by the year 2020.
Marine strategies shall apply an ecosystem-based approach to the management of human activities, ensuring a collective pressure of such activities is kept within levels compatible with the achievement of good environmental status.
what does EBM stand for
Ecosystem based management.
Management framework - Regional ocean plans
What does EBFM stand for
Ecosystem based fisheries management
Management framework - Fisheries Ecosystem Plan
What does EAFM stand for
Ecosystem approach to fisheries management
Management framework - Fishery Management Plan
What does SS stand for
Single Species
What is the function of an EcoQO
EcoQO’s function both as indicators and objectives for an ecosystem approach
What is Contamination
Contamination defined as substances or groups of substances that are toxic, persistent and liable to bioaccumulate, and other substances or groups of substances which give rise to an equivalent level of concern. (MSFD, EU 2008)
What is marine pollution
Pollution means the introduction by man directly or indirectly of substances or energy into the marine environment resulting in deleterious effects as harm to living resources, hazards to humman health, hindrance to marine activities including fishing. (UN, GESAMP 1990)
What are the six major pathways of chemical pollutants
Water, soil, air, wildlife, people & trade
What ways can a person be exposed to chemical pollutants
Direct use of chemicals.
Living in a point source polluted area.
Consumption of food harvested from contaminated environments
What are the classes of pollutants
Toxic pollutants (chemical, plastics)
Nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus)
Biodegradable organic substances (sewage, oil)
Silt
Acidic pollution
Radioactive waste pollutants
Noise pollution
What percent of land and sea pollutants account for marine pollution
Land based - 80%
Sea based - 20%
What are the 2 types of pollution sources
Point source
Non - point source
Examples of point source pollution
Sewage disposal
Poor wastewater treatment
Thermal effluent
Ship pollution
Oil spills
Dumping rubbish
Examples of non-point source pollution
Sediment run-off
Coastal development
Pesticides
Nutrients from fertiliser, detergent, animals
Wastewater
Radioactive pollution
Atmospheric fallout
Auto industry & heavy metals
What are the timelines of pollution called
Discrete - short term (chemical spill)
Chronic - long term (nutrient input
What is Bioaccumulation
When high pollutant concentrations occur
Some pollutants accumulate in animal tissues after ingesting/ absorbing them and are later re-released
Prolonged exposure to low doses can be extremely toxic.
Basically the concentration of pollutants build up over time.
What is Biomagnification
Chemicals that are slow to breakdown increase in concentration in the tissue of organisms as they are passed through the food chain.
A toxin can occur in low concentrations in the aquatic environment but due to bioaccumulation and biomagnification a predator may be exposed to a high dose.
What are PCBs
PolyChlorinated Biphenyls are industrial chemicals used as liquid coolants and insulation in industrial equipment like power transformers.
In marine mammals it affects reproduction, weakens immune system, stored in blubber & re-released when nutritionally stressed
What is Methylmercury
A very poisonous form of mercury that occurs when bacteria react with mercury in water, sediment, plants.
Magnifies through the food chain - stored in kidneys, liver and brain in top predators
What are POPs
Persistent Organic Pollutants
When were the 1st and 2nd implementation cycles for the EU MSFD assessments
1st implementation cycle: 2012 - 2017
2nd implementation cycle: 2018 - 2023
