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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING & ASSESSMENT > EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (week 7) > Flashcards

EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (week 7) Flashcards

1
Q

what does MSFD stand for

A

ER Marine Strategy Framework Directive

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2
Q

What was the MSFD ‘s goal

A

Member states shall maintain good environment by the year 2020.
Marine strategies shall apply an ecosystem-based approach to the management of human activities, ensuring a collective pressure of such activities is kept within levels compatible with the achievement of good environmental status.

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3
Q

what does EBM stand for

A

Ecosystem based management.
Management framework - Regional ocean plans

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4
Q

What does EBFM stand for

A

Ecosystem based fisheries management
Management framework - Fisheries Ecosystem Plan

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5
Q

What does EAFM stand for

A

Ecosystem approach to fisheries management
Management framework - Fishery Management Plan

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6
Q

What does SS stand for

A

Single Species

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7
Q

What is the function of an EcoQO

A

EcoQO’s function both as indicators and objectives for an ecosystem approach

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8
Q

What is Contamination

A

Contamination defined as substances or groups of substances that are toxic, persistent and liable to bioaccumulate, and other substances or groups of substances which give rise to an equivalent level of concern. (MSFD, EU 2008)

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9
Q

What is marine pollution

A

Pollution means the introduction by man directly or indirectly of substances or energy into the marine environment resulting in deleterious effects as harm to living resources, hazards to humman health, hindrance to marine activities including fishing. (UN, GESAMP 1990)

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10
Q

What are the six major pathways of chemical pollutants

A

Water, soil, air, wildlife, people & trade

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11
Q

What ways can a person be exposed to chemical pollutants

A

Direct use of chemicals.
Living in a point source polluted area.
Consumption of food harvested from contaminated environments

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12
Q

What are the classes of pollutants

A

Toxic pollutants (chemical, plastics)
Nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus)
Biodegradable organic substances (sewage, oil)
Silt
Acidic pollution
Radioactive waste pollutants
Noise pollution

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13
Q

What percent of land and sea pollutants account for marine pollution

A

Land based - 80%
Sea based - 20%

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14
Q

What are the 2 types of pollution sources

A

Point source
Non - point source

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15
Q

Examples of point source pollution

A

Sewage disposal
Poor wastewater treatment
Thermal effluent
Ship pollution
Oil spills
Dumping rubbish

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16
Q

Examples of non-point source pollution

A

Sediment run-off
Coastal development
Pesticides
Nutrients from fertiliser, detergent, animals
Wastewater
Radioactive pollution
Atmospheric fallout
Auto industry & heavy metals

17
Q

What are the timelines of pollution called

A

Discrete - short term (chemical spill)
Chronic - long term (nutrient input

18
Q

What is Bioaccumulation

A

When high pollutant concentrations occur
Some pollutants accumulate in animal tissues after ingesting/ absorbing them and are later re-released
Prolonged exposure to low doses can be extremely toxic.
Basically the concentration of pollutants build up over time.

19
Q

What is Biomagnification

A

Chemicals that are slow to breakdown increase in concentration in the tissue of organisms as they are passed through the food chain.
A toxin can occur in low concentrations in the aquatic environment but due to bioaccumulation and biomagnification a predator may be exposed to a high dose.

20
Q

What are PCBs

A

PolyChlorinated Biphenyls are industrial chemicals used as liquid coolants and insulation in industrial equipment like power transformers.
In marine mammals it affects reproduction, weakens immune system, stored in blubber & re-released when nutritionally stressed

21
Q

What is Methylmercury

A

A very poisonous form of mercury that occurs when bacteria react with mercury in water, sediment, plants.
Magnifies through the food chain - stored in kidneys, liver and brain in top predators

22
Q

What are POPs

A

Persistent Organic Pollutants

23
Q

When were the 1st and 2nd implementation cycles for the EU MSFD assessments

A

1st implementation cycle: 2012 - 2017
2nd implementation cycle: 2018 - 2023

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING & ASSESSMENT (12 decks)

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