Etymology & Characteristics of History

Question 1

Define “historia”

Answer 1

Greek; knowledge from inquiry or observation

Question 2

Evolved definition by translation of languages

Answer 2

Accounts of past events

Question 3

What book did Ibn KHALDUN write? What was his definition of history?

Answer 3

Al MuQaddimah is the title.

Defined history as a study of societal changes.

Question 4

How did Jose Rizal portray history?

Answer 4

As a highlighting of achievements (served to justify Spanish Citizenship)

Question 5

What does it mean when you say history is not the same as the past?

Answer 5

History deals with what is RELEVANT

Question 6

What are the 3 elements of history?

Answer 6

People- make or break
Time
Place

-contextualizes events

Question 7

Why isn’t history the same as chronicles?

Answer 7

Chronicles- record the order of happenings

History-makes CONNECTIONS between things that happened

Question 8

What do you mean by “history has no finality”?

Answer 8

New info/sources- affirm/refute beliefs

Intellectual honesty- requires you go back and adjust accordingly

Question 9

Give the 3 traits of history as a discipline/branch of knowledge

Answer 9

Relevant
Objective- with sources
Subjective- varying interpretations
- (I.e) 1) who lost WWII- US/JAP/PH; 2) Charlotte’s Ville- remove confederate statue?

Question 10

Define historiography

Answer 10

History of history writing

Practice/tradition of writing history

Question 11

What are the focuses of traditional historiography?

Answer 11

Politics
Economics
Diplomacy

Question 12

What was the method of traditional historiography?

Answer 12

POSITIVISM
- need of tangible sources

Auguste COMTE- necessity of tangible sources

Leopolde von RANKE- needs WRITTEN documents

Charles SEIGNOBOS & Charles Victor LANGLOIS- “Introduction to Study of History”; no documents= no history

Question 13

What was there problem with traditional historiography?

Answer 13

It was very ELITE CENTRIC

Examples:
Monumenta Germaniae Historical
Blair & Robertson’s The Philippines Islands (55 volumes)

Question 14

Who was the proponent of NOUVELLE HISTORIE?

Answer 14

Annales School

Question 15

What were the 5 focuses of Nouvelle Historie?

Answer 15

1) Social- tries to be more inclusive
2) Cultural- history of everyday life
3) Historie des Mentalites- why people think so
4) Rural - countryside history, away from centers of power
5) women’s- combat male-centric; role of women

Question 16

Examples of Annale’s School books.

C-M by FB
HM- RT by MB; BoP by JLG

Answer 16

C
The Mediterranean by Fernand BRAUDEL - used Philippe II to contextualize

H
The Royal Touch by Marc BLOCH- explained dependence on royalty

Birth of Purgatory by Jacques LE GOFF- purgatory is a man-made notion

Question 17

What approach did they try with Nouvelle Historie and why?

Answer 17

INTER-DISCIPLINARY APPROACH
- positivism was kept to elite, won’t work to include “history from below”

EXPANDING FOCUS

Question 18

What sources were used during Nouvelle Historie?

Answer 18

1) oral history- as a pre-step to documentation
2) artifacts- tapped into unwritten documents for other info
3) Folklore- reference for people’s mentalities

Question 19

Give a book example of history from below

Answer 19

Pasyon and Revolution by Rey Ileto

- PH was inspired to revolt by passion of Christ