Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health Management > Ethology > Flashcards

Ethology Flashcards

1
Q

areas of professional responsibilities as a vet

A

-the animal
-the owners (avoid loss, minimize risk, increase profit)
-the public (one health)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is health management

A

promotion of health and prevention of disease in animals within the economic/business framework of the animal owner/industry, while recognizing the issues of animal welfare, human safety, and environmental impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the general principles of health management

A
  1. promote optimal health
    -focus is advising people on animal manangement
    -groups of animals
    -at local, regional or national level
  2. accomodate business/economic realities
    -companion animals (level of disposable income)
    -farm animals (profit oriented businesses)
  3. promote animal welfare
    -set current standards that are acceptible to animals, owner, society
  4. promote human and food safety
    -anitbiotic residues, AMR, zoonotic disease
  5. consider potential environmental impact
    -proper disposal of drugs/antibiotics
    -grazing practices
    -manure management
    -carcass disposal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are SMART goals

A

-specific = tied to an action, discrete aspect of management
-measureable = requires records
-achievable = constraints of people, animals and their environment
-results oriented = requires a to do list
-time framed = when do you evaluate success or failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

assessing current status - what is bottle necking

A

the rate limiting dent in the pupe. controls the rate of flow

any reduction in the bottleneck (improvement) will increase the flow of water through the pipe. it doesnt have to be fully fixed to have a positive impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does shared decision making need to reflect

A

the clients values, preferences and circumstances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

four reasons why knowledge of behaviour is important to DVMs

A
  1. promote safe and humane handling
    -ex = reducing the need to use physical force
  2. to influence behaviour in ways that are beneficial to humans (improve prouctivity, drug detection)
    - to deal with long standing problems, deal with emergening challenges, etc
  3. to resolve behaviour disorders (support the human animal bond)
    - digging, separation anxiety
  4. to help us assess the well being of animals
    -behaviour is often the key indicator that an animal is sick or in pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

behavioural health

A

-behaviour is a critical part of an animals health
-it can be a symptom of a physical health problem or psychological health problem caused by poor welfare
-its a significant cause of death for many otherwise physically healthy animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is karl von frisch known for

A

sensory perceptions of the honey bee - colour vision and communication through the waggle dance and round dance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is konrad lorenz known for

A

studied imprinting and developed an important model of motivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what four questions did tinbergen suggest we think about

A

causation, ontogeny, phylogeny, function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is causation

A

-questions about proximate mechanisms
-what causes the behaviour to be shown? what are the stimuli responsible to eliciting it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is ontogeny

A

-questions about behavioural development
-how do the characteristics of a behaviour change with age and maturation
-what experiences are necessary for the behaviour to be shown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is phylogeny

A

questions how a behaviour is different or similar between related species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is function

A

questions about the ultimate mechanisms of a behaviour
-why does it exist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the underlying physiological mechanisms

A

nervous system
-coordination and integration of sensory and motor systems
-learning

hormones
-endocrine system that carries chemicals to target systems throughout the body
-trigger or modulate existing behaviour
-prime for a future behaviour (esp in developmental stages)

physiological changes alter the probability of an evoked behaviour

17
Q

what type of behaviour do biological processes regulate

A

reproductive behaviour, parental behaviour, social behaviour, feeding and drinking, sleeping behaviour, emotional responses, thermoregulatory behaviour

18
Q

external sensory systems

A

sensory modality = vision, hearing, touch, taste, etc

sensory quality = a feature that characterizes stimuli within a modality (colour or light)

modalities generally similar but sensitivity to different qualities can vary dramatically between species based on natural history

19
Q

what does hearing depend on

A

depends on environment and species charactersitics
-low frequencies travel far, high frequencies easily attenuated; predator vs prey

20
Q

what is taste important for

A

regulation of ingestive behaviour/identification of toxins

depends on nutritional needs and feeding habits

21
Q

what system is used for touch

A

somatosensory system
-important for body protection and environmental exploration
-different methods of detection/key areas of sensitivity across species

22
Q

organizational vs activational effects of hormones

A

organizational = permenant alteration of the nervous system and associated behaviour during early sensitive period

activational = temporary change in behaviour resulting from hormone changes. action on existing physiological systems

23
Q

what is sexual differentiation dependent on

A

dependent on SRY genes on Y chromosome (allowed undifferentiated gonads to develop as testes)

testes produce the horone testosterone which leads to the male typical development and behaviour

24
Q

what 4 things contribute to behaviour

A

genes, previous experience, internal and external stimuli

25
Q

what does evolution by natural selection require

A
  1. variation = members of a species differ in the characteristic of interest
  2. heredity = parents pass on their characteristics to their offspring so it must be a genetically linked/coded trait
  3. differential reproduction = the inherited characteristic is associated with reproductive success (fitness)
26
Q

four key behvaiour traits favouring domestication

A
  1. gregarious, social species = easy to keep in groups, require less space, less interanimal aggression
  2. promiscuous mating, lack of bonded mating, and sexual dimorphism = for ease of artificial selection and breeding in captivity
  3. strong mother young bonds
  4. precocial young
27
Q

what is tractability, heterochrony, behavioural neoteny

A

improved ease of handling

alterations to the rate of development

retention of juvenile behaviour into adulthood

28
Q

what are two key drivers of animal behaviour

A

avoiding pain and maximizing pleasure

29
Q

what is the learning theory

A

provides a common logical foundation for basic training; to modify behaviour and resolve certain behaviour problems

understanding the biological basis of behaviour is a first step to modifying behaviour (Within certain constraints on learning and biology of species)

30
Q

what is non associative learning and associative learning

A

non = habituation, sensitization

ass = classical conditioning, operant conditioning (reinforcement, punishment)

31
Q

what is habituation and sensitization

A

overall its a change in the strength of an innate response to a stimulus due to increased exposure

-hab = a decrease in response due to repeated exposure

sen = exposure to a stimulus results in increased reactivity to that stimulus

32
Q

what is associative

A

a change in response due to the learning of an association between two stimuli, or between a behaviour and a stimulus

33
Q

what is classifical conditioning

A

animal becomes conditioned to make an association between two stimuli

34
Q

what is operant conditioning

A

animal learns an association between its behaviour and a response outcome. animal learns that some aspect of its behaviour is instrumental to the outcome achieved

35
Q

reinforcement vs punishment

A

reinforcement = increases the likelihood that a behaviour will be performed again

punishment = decreases the likelihood that a behaviour will be performed again

36
Q

elements of operative conditioning

A

positive = involves adding of a stimulus

negative = involves removing of a stimulus

Health Management (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions