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CPDT EXAM PREP > Ethology > Flashcards

Ethology Flashcards

1
Q

When did dogs become genetically different from grey wolves

A

Around 130,000 years ago

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2
Q

Dogs branched off from grey wolves

A

33,000 canid lupus familiarius- became own species

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3
Q

When did dogs become domesticated

A

(Taimyr wolf) 27,000-40,000 years ago

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4
Q

Goyet dog skull

A

36,000 years old

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5
Q

Humans began selectively breeding dogs

A

300-500 years ago

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6
Q

Coop enters theory of domestication

A

Wolves domesticated themselves at end of ice age around 11,500 years ago when people because to move into settlements- “survival of the friendliest”

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7
Q

Belyayevs foxes

A

-curly tails, floppy ears, spotted coats
-affiliation behaviors

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8
Q

Wolves vs dogs- body

A

Wolves: larger skulls, narrower chest, smaller ears. Longer legs. Yellow or golden eyes. Larger paws. Greater brain to body mass ratio.
Dogs: smaller skulls, rounder faces, larger eyes. Wide hips and chests and shorter legs. Inter species socialization

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9
Q

Wolves vs dogs- sexual maturity

A

Wolves: 1-3 years old. Estrus once a year. Do not retain playfulness of juveniles.
Dogs: 6-8 months (estrus twice a year)

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10
Q

Wolves vs dogs: socialization period

A

Wolves: less than 21 days
Dogs: 12-16 weeks

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11
Q

Neonatal period

A

Birth to 14-16 days
Eyes/ears closed
Trust everything/no fear
Respond to warmth, touch, smell
Cannot regulate body functions (temperature/elimination)
ENS

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12
Q

Transition period

A

Day 14-16 to day 21
Eyes/ears open but limited sight/hearing
Begins to control bodily functions
Good time for breeders to begin socialization by introducing novel
Stimuli to the welling box.

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13
Q

Awareness period

A

Sub period of canine socialization period.
21-28 days
All senses functioning
Rapid sensory development
Puppies are able to retain what they begin learning at this time

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14
Q

Primary/Canine socialization

A

21-49 days (3-7 weeks)
-bond to things around them
-quick startle/recovery
-first fear response around 5 weeks old
- should be with littermates during this time and should be with mom at least until 5 weeks
- learn to communicate with littermates- bite inhibition
-mom starts to wean puppies
- should be exposed to Nobel stimuli

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15
Q

Secondary/human socialization period

A

7-12 weeks
Peak of bonding with other species
Critical socialization - people, sights, sounds, etc.

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16
Q

First fear impact period

A

8-11 weeks
Fear of novelty
Traumatic experiences at risk to be generalized.
Also when puppy gets first vaccinations- important experience is good

17
Q

Secondary socialization period??

A

12-16 weeks
Age of independence - some puppies may test Boundaries or explore more
Effective socialization closes

18
Q

Flight instinct/juvenile period

A

4-8 months
Puppy will “test his wings”
Lose deciduous teeth
Sexual development
Likened to human toddler phase
Majority of growth will occur

19
Q

Second fear impact/adolescence

A

5 to 18 months
Social development continues
Fear of new situations
May experience one or more fear periods

20
Q

Maturity

A

1-4 years
Improved social skills
Emotional and physical maturity don’t have to line up

21
Q

Senior

A

Over 7 years
Decline or loss of some senses
Cognitive decline

22
Q

Species-specific behavior

A

-chasing
-digging
-chewing
-barking
-biting

23
Q

Averted eyes

A

Submission, appeasement, deference or fear

24
Q

Squinting

A

Appeasement, submission or happy greeting

25
Q

Hard stare

A

Alertness, assertiveness or arousal - dog is uncomfortable

26
Q

Whale eye

A

Stress, anxiety, fear

27
Q

Forward and relaxed ears

A

Attentive, curious, friendly

28
Q

Forward and pricked

A

Excitement, arousal, assertiveness

29
Q

Ears back, relaxed and dropped

A

Can indicate dog is relaxed or friendly

30
Q

Ears pinned back

A

Appeasement, deference, or fear

31
Q

Distance increasing signals

A

Barking/growling
Lunging
Forward body
Looking/walking away
Ground sniffing
Whale eye
Paw lift / appeasement/ conflict avoidance

32
Q

Passive appeasement

A

Submissive - dog moves slowly with lowered body position. Generally remains still until threat has moved on

33
Q

Active appeasement

A

Can be confused for overly friendly behaviors. Approach with whole rear wagging- anticipate potential hostile encounter- cut off conflict in non aggressive way. Dog is scared or unsure.

34
Q

Distance decreasing

A

Play bow
Curved body
Loose tail wag
Presenting rear
Hip nudge

35
Q

Calming signals

A

Displacement behaviors- when used to calm inner conflict.
Calming signals- Avoid conflict, calm other dogs, lessen or diffuse aggression or relax themselves
-Yawning
-lip licking
-shaking off
-slow movement, moving in an arc
-head turn
-ground sniffing

36
Q

Eustress

A

“Good stress”/excitement

37
Q

Action patterns

A

Instinctive or innate behaviors
Also called motor programs
Wired into the dogs nervous system
Often exist even if no need for them

CPDT EXAM PREP (6 decks)

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