Ethology Flashcards
When did dogs become genetically different from grey wolves
Around 130,000 years ago
Dogs branched off from grey wolves
33,000 canid lupus familiarius- became own species
When did dogs become domesticated
(Taimyr wolf) 27,000-40,000 years ago
Goyet dog skull
36,000 years old
Humans began selectively breeding dogs
300-500 years ago
Coop enters theory of domestication
Wolves domesticated themselves at end of ice age around 11,500 years ago when people because to move into settlements- “survival of the friendliest”
Belyayevs foxes
-curly tails, floppy ears, spotted coats
-affiliation behaviors
Wolves vs dogs- body
Wolves: larger skulls, narrower chest, smaller ears. Longer legs. Yellow or golden eyes. Larger paws. Greater brain to body mass ratio.
Dogs: smaller skulls, rounder faces, larger eyes. Wide hips and chests and shorter legs. Inter species socialization
Wolves vs dogs- sexual maturity
Wolves: 1-3 years old. Estrus once a year. Do not retain playfulness of juveniles.
Dogs: 6-8 months (estrus twice a year)
Wolves vs dogs: socialization period
Wolves: less than 21 days
Dogs: 12-16 weeks
Neonatal period
Birth to 14-16 days
Eyes/ears closed
Trust everything/no fear
Respond to warmth, touch, smell
Cannot regulate body functions (temperature/elimination)
ENS
Transition period
Day 14-16 to day 21
Eyes/ears open but limited sight/hearing
Begins to control bodily functions
Good time for breeders to begin socialization by introducing novel
Stimuli to the welling box.
Awareness period
Sub period of canine socialization period.
21-28 days
All senses functioning
Rapid sensory development
Puppies are able to retain what they begin learning at this time
Primary/Canine socialization
21-49 days (3-7 weeks)
-bond to things around them
-quick startle/recovery
-first fear response around 5 weeks old
- should be with littermates during this time and should be with mom at least until 5 weeks
- learn to communicate with littermates- bite inhibition
-mom starts to wean puppies
- should be exposed to Nobel stimuli
Secondary/human socialization period
7-12 weeks
Peak of bonding with other species
Critical socialization - people, sights, sounds, etc.