Ethnicity Differential

Question 1

General Stats/ trend

Answer 1

Chinese and Indian highest achievers
White British lower/ middle
Black Caribbean Lowest achievers

Question 2

External Factors

Answer 2

Cultural deprivation
Material deprivation
Racism in wider society

Question 3

Scruton:

Answer 3

Sees low achievement levels of ethnic minorities due to failure to embrace British culture

Question 4

Keddie (A03)

Answer 4

Victim Blaming
Culturally different not deprived, Schools are ethnocentric biased towards white Brit culture

Question 5

Sewell (2009)

Answer 5

Black students due worse than Asian counterparts due to socialization and attitudes towards education.
Black peer pressure - discourage each other

Question 6

Gillborn (A03)

Answer 6

Not peer pressure but institutional racism

Question 7

Palmer (2012)

Answer 7

Almost half of ethnic minorities live in low income
Households compared to 1/4 of white

Question 8

Palmer (2012)

Answer 8

1/2 ethnic minorities in low income households
1/4 white people

Question 9

Why are ethnic minorities materially deprived?

Answer 9

Cultural factors: religion/ women not work
Economically deprived areas
Asylum seekers not allowed to work
Foreign qualifications not recognized

Question 10

A03: Stats

Answer 10

Indian and Chinese still highest performing. 2011:
86% Chinese girls got 5 or higher GCSE
65% of white girls did

Question 11

Wood (2010)

Answer 11

3 job applications to 1000 vacancies, 2 minority name and 1 white name
- 1 in 16 minority name asked for interview
- 1 in 9 white

Question 12

Rex (1986)

Answer 12

Racial discrimination leads to exclusion which worsens the the poverty faces
- E’g housing - minorities forced in substandard accommodation more likely than whites of same class

Question 13

Fatalistic

Answer 13

Live for today attitude that black children are socialized into which leaves them unequipped for success

Question 14

Ethnicity internal factors:

Answer 14

Ethnocentric curriculum
Teacher labeling and racism
Marketization and segregation
Institutional racism

Question 15

Coard (2005)

Answer 15

Schools tend to present white culture as superior. E.g. history focuses on English history

Question 16

Ball

Answer 16

Minorities found the curriculum irrelevant to them, felt overlooked and invisible - lowered self esteem and grades

Question 17

Gillborn and Youdell (2000)

Answer 17

Teachers were more likely to label black students as disruptive. Self fulfilling Prophecy

Question 18

A03: Fuller

Answer 18

Black girls created subculture that didn’t conform to values of the school but they still achieved high grades. Self refuting prophecy

Question 19

Gillborn (97)

Answer 19

Marketization gives schools more scope to select pupils, allowing negative stereotypes to influence decisions of admissions

Question 20

The commission for racial equality (93)

Answer 20

School admission procedure meant that ethnic minorities more likely to end up in unpopular schools
- racist bias in interviews
- lack of information about application minorities have
- reports from primary schools that stereotype minorities

Question 21

Gillborn (2008)

Answer 21

‘The assessment game’
Rigged to value dominant culture (white) if black pupils succeed they will rearrange the system to show failure

Question 22

Stats 2000 vs 2003 (A03)

Answer 22

2000: black pupils high achievers with baseline test
2003: foundational stage profile (fsp) , black pupils now doing worse than whites
Fsp: based on teacher judgement not baseline test