ethnicity and educational attainment

Question 1

% of chinese pupils getting grade 5 or above in English and Maths GCSE

Answer 1

80%

boys - 76%
girls - 85%

Question 2

% of White British pupils getting grade 5 or above in English and Maths GCSE

Answer 2

boys - 45%
girls - 50%

Question 3

% of Black Caribbean pupils getting grade 5 or above in English and Maths GCSE

Answer 3

34%

boys - 29%
girls - 40%

Question 4

% of gypsy or roma pupils getting a grade 5 or above in English and Maths GCSE

Answer 4

8.5%

Question 5

percentage of white higher education students who received a first or second class degree

Answer 5

81%

Question 6

percentage of BAME higher education students who received a first or second class degree

Answer 6

68%

Question 7

what percentage of ethnic minority households are overcrowded

Answer 7

15%

Question 8

what percentage of white british households are overcrowded

Answer 8

4%

Question 9

Guy Palmer (2012) - 3 key points

Answer 9

nearly 50% of ethnic minority children live in low-income households

EM’s twice as likely to be unemployed and 3x more likely to be homeless as white ethnicity

social class may be the bigger factor than ethnicity even though Chinese and Indian students on FSM do better

Question 10

strand - cultural factors within the home which may impact educational attainment - 3 main factors

Answer 10

parental

student

school

Question 11

Stand - procedure and main finding

Answer 11

longitudinal study
15,000 students
England and Wales

attainment gap associated with class twice as large as the biggest ethnic gap

Question 12

Stand - parental factors

Answer 12

parental expectations and attitudes toward education

EM parents are more likely to show positive attitudes than white British towards education

Question 13

Strand - student factors

Answer 13

factors which are the students attitudes or events that have occurred in their life which may impact their educational attainment

higher levels of resilience and lower risk factors lead to better educational attainment

Question 14

Strand - school factors

Answer 14

the quality of the school has little impact

Black caribbean students - factors such as teachers expectations may make a difference

Question 15

resilience - student factors

Answer 15

positive attitude towards education

hoping to continue education post 16

Question 16

risk factors - student factors

Answer 16

special educational needs

having been excluded

involvement with social services etc.

Question 17

Modood (2004) - why do ethnic minorities have higher levels of attainment?

Answer 17

they have more cultural capital than would be expected in their present class

after migrating, their parents may be in lower paid and prestige jobs - due to time taken to find a new job or discrimination

they pass their knowledge and ambitions onto their children through socialisation

Question 18

Tony Sewell - underachievement in black caribbean boys

Answer 18

due to lack of ‘fatherly nurturing’ (firm, but fair and respectful, non violent discipline)

causes them to seek out role models within their peer groups and adopt an anti-school street culture

this form of black masculinity is reflected and reinforced by the media

Question 19

institutional racism

Answer 19

racial prejudice and discrimination which forms part of the procedures within an institution

places one or more peer groups at a disadvantage based on their racial background

Question 20

Evaluation of Sewell

Answer 20

blames black caribbean boys for their underachievement - ignores the real causes (material deprivation and racism)

he does note only a small amount (18%) of black caribbean boys fit this stereotype, but teachers tend to label all black students this way

believes external factors are more important in producing underachievement

Question 21

ethnocentric curriculum

Answer 21

a curriculum which only reflects the culture of one ethnic group, which leads to feelings of rejection by other ethnic groups, as they do not feel represented in the curriculum

Question 22

Cecil wright - study on labelling in a multicultural primary school - procedure

Answer 22

ethnographic study

observations & interviews

almost 1000 primary school children - 4 schools

Question 23

Cecil Wright - study on labelling in a multicultural primary school - findings

Answer 23

Black Caribbean - labels based on perceptions of their behaviour rather than their academic ability , more likely to be punished for the same behaviours that other students exhibit

Asian - teachers largely ignored asian students, assumed they would have poor knowledge of english, used simplistic language, this isolated asian students

Question 24

Archer and Francis (2007) - Study of British Chinese students - procedure

Answer 24

semi-structured interviews
80 14-16 year old students
30 parents & 30 teachers

Question 25

Archer and Francis (2007) - cultural factors contributing to the attainment of Chinese students

Answer 25

high attainment due to chinese subculture

both parents and children from all social classes placed high value on education - including parents who had received little formal education themselves

uni seen as a must - 100% wanted to go

education seen as a ‘family project’ - parents investing time, money and effort

a family’s standing in the community was related to the educational performance of their children