Ethnicity and deviant youth subcultures

Question 1

what was nightingales first study ?

Answer 1

• ethnic groups were excluded from achieving societies goal economically and racially
• they turned to illegitimate means
• like violence and crime
• helped them achieve there goals

Question 2

What did Bourgeois study about ethnic groups and youth deviance ?

Answer 2

• ethnic groups who grew up poor learned o be innovators
• fro example they found drug dealing helped them survive and achieve success

Question 3

What was Nightingales extra study ?

Answer 3

Paradox of inclusion =
- the desire to be included drives the want for success
- those suffering from poverty and racism are more likely to lead to deviance and crime
- this leads to social exclusion

Question 4

What is a counterpoint to Nightingales paradox of inclusion study ?

Answer 4

The centre of justice
Social class could be a key factor rather than ethnicity
A high proportion of black communities live in deprived city neighbourhoods

Question 5

What was Alexanders study on ethnicity ?

Answer 5

• studied a youth Asian gang in London
• study during a moral panic about asian gangs
• found they often fought each other and other ethnic groups
• their gang was very fragile
• he found that ;asian gang’ was a myth
• they were created after the riots and islamophobia
• this teacher projected this label onto groups of friends who shared a common identity

Question 6

What was Sewell’s study on anti-school subcultures ?

Answer 6

He said that black boys are mostly conformist and he took the responses merton used and applied them to education:
1. Conformists (pro-education and pro-school)
2. Innovaters (pro-education but anti-school
3. Retreatists (drop-outs)
4. Rebels (formed an alternative subculture)

Question 7

What was Mac en Ghail’s study on anti-school subcultures ?

Answer 7

• intersexuality of class, gender and ethnicity
  Found 3 groups in the school:
  Rastaheads: Resistance involved open confrontation
  Warriors: Asian males, anti-school, showed resistance but wasn’t noticed by teachers
  Black Sisters: Group of Asian and African-caribean girls, who were pro-education as they knew it would allow them to achieve their goals despite racism

Question 8

What was Mirza’s study on anti-school subcultures ?

Answer 8

• Studied african-caribean girls
• teachers gave the labels of failure and racism
• keep heads down and focus
• they try to respond to the negativity rather than to resist

Question 9

What was Archer’s study on anti-school subculture ?

Answer 9

• looked at muslim boys facing islamophobia
• looked at how they demonstrated their masculine and religious identity
• they were conscious of the protection\ tat being a member of their subculture gave them