Ethnicity

Question 1

Cashmor and Troyna (1990) (Ethnic identities as resistance, important part)

Answer 1

Argue tendency for ethnic minorities to ‘turn inwards’-seek support from within their own ethnic community as a response and culture may be strengthened,
 Key sources of identity
 tendency for e/m to turn inwards
 Religion & culture are key support
The response of those from ethnic minorities to racism may be used to find ways in which their ethnicity can be used as a form of protection

Question 2

Modhood (1997) (Changing ethnic identities, important)

Answer 2

Several generational differences over the issue of identity, suggesting the second generation ethnic minorities from both African Caribbean and Asian background felt much more British than their parents, while still seeing their ethnic origin as a key apart of their ethnic identity.

Question 3

Back (Changing ethnic identities), not important

Answer 3

conducted an ethnographic study of two council estates in London. Found lots of cultural hybridity through the black and white youth, that neither British nor Asian culture are homogeneous. Young people had become cultural code switchers where they switched their culture to accommodate different cultural norms that were for appropriate behaviour.
Postmodernists, not imrportant Gloabliaaaed and media saturated society such as the Contempory Uk today, identity is all about choice-everyone can create their own identity is all about choice. Everyone can create their own identityand the hybrididty shows that ethnicity is become less and less clear cut and signifificatn

Question 4

Nayak (Changing ethnic identities)Hybrid Identities

Answer 4

‘White wannabes’ create Hybrid identities through white British males dressing, acting and speaking differently influenced by black hip-hop culture

Question 5

Jacobson (Traditional ethnic identities) Hybrid Identities

Answer 5

many young Pakistanis are adopting a strong Islamic identity as a response to social exclusion from White British Society. Due to Muslim’s facing difficulties and problems, meaning a strong Muslim identity gives them a sense of stability and security
A positive embracing of Islamic identity in term of diet, stress and other religious practises in defence or resistance to marginalisation and racism.