Ethnicity Flashcards
White victim versus white offenders
88% of crime
Black victims versus black offenders
94% crime
Asian victims versus Asian offenders
19% of crime
What do bowling & phillips say about victimisation studies?
1⃣When defender is not known why people out more likely to assume it is a Afro-Caribbean person
2⃣ victim studies are influenced by stereotypes defenders are culturally determined = socially constructed do not give a valid picture of crime
Self-report studies
Graham and bowling
self offending rates are more or less the same for all race respondent
What does sharp and budd say about self report studies?
Alright and mix and more likely to report crime 40% black are 28% likely to report crime
Asian at 21% likely
❌ hindelang - black are less likely to report because they are pervious ofdenders
How more likely are blacks stopped and searched than white
Seven times more likely Asians are twice as more likely
What is reasonable suspicion
Please can stop and search if they have reasonable suspicion of wrongdoing however under the terrorism act of 2000 they can do this without reasonable suspicion
= asians become 3x more likeky
What does bowling and Philip say
Ethnic minorities feel that they are over please and under protected
Why do you ethnic minority is feel over police and under protected
Institutional racism
- many police officers have negative views about ethnic minority is maybe the reasons differences of offending in ethnic minority
Eg; if you working-class and a ethnic minority you are more likely to be stopped
What happened to the arrest rates in 2006?
Blacks with 3.6 times more likely to be arrested then white
Because ethnic minority are more likely to deny that act so cannot be caution
What is the percentage of blacks in prison
2.8% and only 11% in the population
Why is there 2.8% of blacks in person?
1⃣ more serious offences
2⃣ hood found black males are more likely to receive a higher sentence then white/ Asians
Why is the CPS more likely to drop ethnic minority cases and find that minorities less guilty
Bowling and Philip say there is weak evidence because their case is down to stereotyping
What does the new criminologist Taylor at L say
Crimes are deliberate and conscious political acts
What does Gilroy and hall at L say
1⃣Police racism creates these stats ❌ he says black commit crimes due to the anticolanal struggle
2⃣ moral panics racism and oppressive policies construct statistics
What does victimisation study show?
Majority of crime is intra radical
Interactionism gives further evidence for social construction of black crime statistics
Becker- says police label black as criminals which means they target them more
❌goulden - this is simply a sociology of the underdog
Police canteen culture
Skolnick - canteen culture is a result of working values develops as a result of policing
😴 tends to see offended as young male and a
What does reiner say about canteen culture
The main values racism conversation, machoness and public isolation
What does Smith better say about canteen culture
Racist views from police results in more ethnic minority stopping and searching
What does that MacPherson enquiry show
Policework institutionally racist meaning that statistics are not valid
Why could ethnic minority is be committing crime
😁Demographic reasons; Young males commit the most crime ethnic minority is have high number of young males=more crime
😁Economic reasons; poverty results in crime class maybe more important then ethnicity
😁 differences in offending;
Ethnic minority is crime and more visible
What does craine say about the Black magic roundabout
On a carousel of unemployment training schemes and low wage jobs
✔️ merton ; socialised into consumerism but cannot achieve legitimately
❌ stevens et al - this does not explain the higher arrests of blacks
Functionalists a statistics are valid
Ethnic minority is more likely to have a low income and poor housing conditions resulting in a crime
How do you phillip and brown support functionalism
✔️✔️✔️✔️✔️
They studied 10 police station found ethnic minority is are more likely to be arrested however there was no evidence of them being treated differently during arest
What does Bourgois say?
Economic exclusion plus negative social attitudes equals alternative economy
✔️ cloward & ohlin “illegitimate opportunities”
Example of alternative economy
Kerb side car repair to sell crack cocaine
What does Murray say
Ethnic minority is a part of the underclass 50% of Afro-Caribbean family is a single parent families
❌Marxism - does not solve inequality ❌Cashmore- quality over quantity
What is the triple quandary theory?
Sewell!
anxiety In Caribbean youth results in crime
💔 cannot deal with mainstream society e.g. teachers in pliers as they are against their views
💔 feel rejected by white racist society
😭 lack of material bconsumption and positive male role model
😢😢 results in hyper masculine behaviour to gain status
Evaluation points for the triple quandary theory
The new right says this ignores rational choice simply blames cultural views
New left realism what about poverty impact
