Ethnicity

Question 1

White victim versus white offenders

Answer 1

88% of crime

Question 2

Black victims versus black offenders

Answer 2

94% crime

Question 3

Asian victims versus Asian offenders

Answer 3

19% of crime

Question 4

What do bowling & phillips say about victimisation studies?

Answer 4

1⃣When defender is not known why people out more likely to assume it is a Afro-Caribbean person
2⃣ victim studies are influenced by stereotypes defenders are culturally determined = socially constructed do not give a valid picture of crime

Question 5

Self-report studies

Answer 5

Graham and bowling

self offending rates are more or less the same for all race respondent

Question 6

What does sharp and budd say about self report studies?

Answer 6

Alright and mix and more likely to report crime 40% black are 28% likely to report crime
Asian at 21% likely

❌ hindelang - black are less likely to report because they are pervious ofdenders

Question 7

How more likely are blacks stopped and searched than white

Answer 7

Seven times more likely Asians are twice as more likely

Question 8

What is reasonable suspicion

Answer 8

Please can stop and search if they have reasonable suspicion of wrongdoing however under the terrorism act of 2000 they can do this without reasonable suspicion

= asians become 3x more likeky

Question 9

What does bowling and Philip say

Answer 9

Ethnic minorities feel that they are over please and under protected

Question 10

Why do you ethnic minority is feel over police and under protected

Answer 10

Institutional racism
- many police officers have negative views about ethnic minority is maybe the reasons differences of offending in ethnic minority
Eg; if you working-class and a ethnic minority you are more likely to be stopped

Question 11

What happened to the arrest rates in 2006?

Answer 11

Blacks with 3.6 times more likely to be arrested then white

Because ethnic minority are more likely to deny that act so cannot be caution

Question 12

What is the percentage of blacks in prison

Answer 12

2.8% and only 11% in the population

Question 13

Why is there 2.8% of blacks in person?

Answer 13

1⃣ more serious offences

2⃣ hood found black males are more likely to receive a higher sentence then white/ Asians

Question 14

Why is the CPS more likely to drop ethnic minority cases and find that minorities less guilty

Answer 14

Bowling and Philip say there is weak evidence because their case is down to stereotyping

Question 15

What does the new criminologist Taylor at L say

Answer 15

Crimes are deliberate and conscious political acts

Question 16

What does Gilroy and hall at L say

Answer 16

1⃣Police racism creates these stats ❌ he says black commit crimes due to the anticolanal struggle
2⃣ moral panics racism and oppressive policies construct statistics

Question 17

What does victimisation study show?

Answer 17

Majority of crime is intra radical

Question 18

Interactionism gives further evidence for social construction of black crime statistics

Answer 18

Becker- says police label black as criminals which means they target them more
❌goulden - this is simply a sociology of the underdog

Question 19

Police canteen culture

Answer 19

Skolnick - canteen culture is a result of working values develops as a result of policing
😴 tends to see offended as young male and a

Question 20

What does reiner say about canteen culture

Answer 20

The main values racism conversation, machoness and public isolation

Question 21

What does Smith better say about canteen culture

Answer 21

Racist views from police results in more ethnic minority stopping and searching

Question 22

What does that MacPherson enquiry show

Answer 22

Policework institutionally racist meaning that statistics are not valid

Question 23

Why could ethnic minority is be committing crime

Answer 23

😁Demographic reasons; Young males commit the most crime ethnic minority is have high number of young males=more crime
😁Economic reasons; poverty results in crime class maybe more important then ethnicity
😁 differences in offending;
Ethnic minority is crime and more visible

Question 24

What does craine say about the Black magic roundabout

Answer 24

On a carousel of unemployment training schemes and low wage jobs

✔️ merton ; socialised into consumerism but cannot achieve legitimately
❌ stevens et al - this does not explain the higher arrests of blacks

Question 25

Functionalists a statistics are valid

Answer 25

Ethnic minority is more likely to have a low income and poor housing conditions resulting in a crime

Question 26

How do you phillip and brown support functionalism

✔️✔️✔️✔️✔️

Answer 26

They studied 10 police station found ethnic minority is are more likely to be arrested however there was no evidence of them being treated differently during arest

Question 27

What does Bourgois say?

Answer 27

Economic exclusion plus negative social attitudes equals alternative economy
✔️ cloward & ohlin “illegitimate opportunities”

Question 28

Example of alternative economy

Answer 28

Kerb side car repair to sell crack cocaine

Question 29

What does Murray say

Answer 29

Ethnic minority is a part of the underclass 50% of Afro-Caribbean family is a single parent families

❌Marxism - does not solve inequality ❌Cashmore- quality over quantity

Question 30

What is the triple quandary theory?

Sewell!

Answer 30

anxiety In Caribbean youth results in crime
💔 cannot deal with mainstream society e.g. teachers in pliers as they are against their views
💔 feel rejected by white racist society
😭 lack of material bconsumption and positive male role model

😢😢 results in hyper masculine behaviour to gain status

Question 31

Evaluation points for the triple quandary theory

Answer 31

The new right says this ignores rational choice simply blames cultural views
New left realism what about poverty impact