Ecology Flashcards
Describe Shaw and Mckays Chicago school study
Observed and he lived in inner-city area= zone of transition
immigrants + family living on low income + high levels of people moving in and out
despite the high population change high levels of crime is maintained
What is the result of a high population turnover
Social disorganisation of you coming to relationships low levels of informal agents of social control
Evaluation for Chicago school
✔️ follows the patterns of crime most crime is recorded here
✔️informed the distribution of formal social control by location e.g. lots of police in areas of high levels of social disorganisation
❌ Sees the population as deterministic and passive
Explain Morris “the criminal area”
Croyden 1957
Crime rates are highest in council estates because the council deliberately have a council policy to place all of the problem families together which increased crime
What are the problems Morris has against Chicago school
❌ It is not because of the area it is in council estates
❌ Chicago schools concept of social disorganisation
- poor family are more socially integrated then middle-class
- high levels of divorce and unemployment does not equate to social disorganisation
Who presented the tipping theory
Baldwin and Bottom
What is the tipping theory
1⃣ tenants refuse to accept housing on problems estates
2⃣ so the estates get filled up with people who have been in trouble with the law
= tipping the estate into lawlessness
TOXIC MIX OF PEOPLE
3⃣ law binding residents do not want to live here
Which estates do the tipping theory focus on
Gardenia - 300% high number of offences
stonewall - 350% higher
Example of more opportunities of crime in city ares
- Higher density population means more chance of robbery
2. More young people living in urban areas
What did gill look at
Areas of Liverpool and negatively labelled ====== increased levels of policing and self-fulfilling prophecy residents == tough self image
Why does Gills labeling study occur
Council created a negative stereotype reputation of the area also create delinquency
media causes area to look dodgy
= blocked opportunity
Who presents the opportunity theory
Clarke
Crime is most likely to happen in criminal areas, why??
Clarke
Attraction - how much will and individual gain from the crime
Assessability - how easy is it to commit crime
What does Marxism say
Council do this so the working class are easy to military police creates fear of crime working class are further oppressed and marginalised by ruling class society
What does cloward and ohlin say about Shaw and Mckay?
They agree but say that criminal role models only occur in established ares which is in their zone 3 and 2
