Ethnicity

Question 1

Patterson - Functionalist

Answer 1

The host immigrant model - cultural clashes occur due to different norms and values of ethnicity minority groups - seen as alien and feared

Question 2

Parsons - Functionalist

Answer 2

Ethnic inequalities are not the fault of the system -temporary and a result of cultural differences between immigrants and the host nation - disappear after they assimilate

Question 3

Modood eat al - cultural

Answer 3

3/5 of Bangladeshi women don’t speak English- 1/2 of Pakistani women and 1/5 of Pakistani and Bangladeshi men also can’t speak English

Question 4

Roberts- cultural

Answer 4

Asian immigrants and immigrants in general are most likely to be self employed or small business owners

Question 5

Butler - cultural

Answer 5

Study of Muslim women - there were more progressive attitudes of these women towards work , sexuality and education

Question 6

Dale - Cultural

Answer 6

Change across generations - younger women are more likely to participate in the labour market and speak fluent English

Question 7

Sewell - New right

Answer 7

Black youths are more likely to be in a single parent family - young black Afro Caribbean males follow hyper masculine role models - rappers etc

Question 8

Murray - new right

Answer 8

Blames single mothers - underclass

Question 9

Oliver cox - Marxism

Answer 9

Distinct relationship between capitalism and racism - slavery justified racism and was key to the growth of capitalism

Question 10

Castles and Kosacks - Marxism

Answer 10

3 ideological reasons for ethnicity inequality is to :
- legitimise
- divide and rule
- to scapegoat

Question 11

Solomos -Neo Marxism

Answer 11

Ethnicity inequalities are linked to capitalism and economic factors, government policies and cultures of both ethnic minorities and the whit working class - new racism emerged

Question 12

Lawrence - Neo Marxism

Answer 12

New racism came about because:
- the ruling class created and reinforced new ideologies around the ideas of the British nation
- high unemployment and economic instability blamed on immigrants
- the different cultures of the immigrant groups were viewed in a negative and a threat to British society

Question 13

Hall - Neo Marxism

Answer 13

Immigrants were scapegoated as a problem and their cultures were seen as creating problems and divisions

Question 14

Miles - Neo Marxism

Answer 14

Racialised class fractions - ethnicity minorities are part of the same class structure as the majority but they form a racialised part of it

Question 15

Rex and Tomlinson - Weberian

Answer 15

Experiencing both class and status inequality can lead to poverty and therefore some ethnic minorities may be more likely to be in the underclass - marginalised, alienated and frustrated

Question 16

Parkin - Weberian

Answer 16

Negatively privileges status groups - ethnic majority use social closure to keep ethnic minorities out of positions of authority and status- concrete ceiling father than a glass one

Question 17

Barron and Norris - Weberian

Answer 17

Dual labour market theory-
Primary labour market - ethnic majority
Secondary labour market - ethnic minority

Question 18

The kick it out campaign - Weberian

Answer 18

Aim to help ethnic minority groups to gain power

Question 19

Modood - postmodernist

Answer 19

Structural explanations do not stress the difference and diversity among ethnic groups

Question 20

Hybrid identities - Postmodernism

Answer 20

Les Back- East London Council estate
Gill - Brasian and Blasian
Burdsey - Code switching

Question 21

Vertorec - Postmodernism

Answer 21

Super diversity - vast range of cultural values and norms displayed by new immigrant and ethnic minorities
Generation EA - ethnically ambiguous- mixed heritage people with complicated backgrounds

Question 22

Brewer - Black feminist

Answer 22

Triple system theory- back women suffer disadvantage because they are black , women and working class

Question 23

Mirza - Black feminist

Answer 23

Challenged dominant images of black women as passive victims of racism , patriarchy and social class

Question 24

Connell - Black feminist

Answer 24

Post colonial feminist stance - gender and ethnic inequality is caused by colonialism
Challenge the dominance of western feminism as globally , women face a range of different forms of oppression

Question 25

Yuval - Davies - Black feminist

Answer 25

Ethnocentric

Question 26

Abbott - Black feminist

Answer 26

Women’s experience are derived from perspectives and priorities