Ethnic Inequality (20)

Question 1

What is the first area of ethnic inequality in the UK?

Answer 1

Ethnic inequality in the criminal justice system

Question 2

1)how do the police affect the ethnic inequality when reporting?

Answer 2

They do not accurately operationalise ethnicities, or ask suspects for ethnic self identification e.g police identify on appearance, so the “black” identity could refer to Afro Caribbean, West Indies or Pakistani etc etc

Question 3

2) how are blacks targeted by the police (general statement)

Answer 3

Blacks are over represented in stop and search, arrests and those who are sent to immediate custody.

Question 4

3)what did Holdaway find?

Answer 4

Black people are 6x more likely to be stopped and searched as whites

Question 5

4) What does the ministry of justice (2016) find about ethnic conviction rates?

Answer 5

Per 10,000 of the population 16 white members attain a criminal record compared to 58 black members.

Question 6

5) what happens to black people in 2012?

Answer 6

If convicted in 2012 black people were more likely to experience longer sentences

Question 7

6) what proportion of the prison population identify as white?

Answer 7

Less than 75% of the prison population identify as white

Question 8

7) describe the London race riots

Answer 8

Started after Mark Dugan a black 29 year old was shot dead after he was suspected of planning an attack and carrying a hand gun, lead to protests and the BME met friction with the police fuelling animosity

Race riots 2011/2013

Question 9

8) name another influential death that caused global race riots

Answer 9

The death of Stephen Lawrence in 1993.

Question 10

9) what did the Macpherson report suggest about this case?

Answer 10

Suggested 70 recommendations to improve police behaviour/attitudes as they were deemed institutionally racist through allowing white suspects to get away with their crimes for years/tampering with evidence.

Question 11

10) Give the statistic on % of BME in the welsh police force. (Ethnicityservice.gov.uk)

Answer 11

At the end of March 2019 93.1% if police officers were of a white ethnicity. 2.9% were Asian and 2.1 has mixed ethnicity. Only 1.2% identified as Black and 0.7% were from another ethnic group.

Question 12

11) What does the crime survey for England and Wales state about ethnic inequality in the criminal justice system?

Answer 12

BME groups are more at risk of victimisation.

Question 13

12) Why are the Chinese less likely to commit crime?

Answer 13

Under represented due to Izzat, the moral code and :: less likely to be stopped and searched

Question 14

What is the second reason for ethnic inequality in the UK?

Answer 14

Poverty

Question 15

1) what does platt (2011) state?

Answer 15

Because an ethnic group has a higher poverty rate it does not mean that everyone in that group is poor

Question 16

2) what does Nandi and Platt (2010) state?

Answer 16

75% of Bangladeshis has incomes below the average for whites families, this is perhaps because only 8% of Bangladeshi women work full time. (JRF)

Question 17

3) What did Bernard and Turner (2011) find?

Answer 17

Men and women from some ethnic groups are paid less on average despite similar levels of qualification

Question 18

4) what did Palmer and Kenway (2007) find?

Answer 18

In work poverty is higher for some ethnic groups than others.

Question 19

5) what did Wood (2009) find?

Answer 19

Discrimination could be seen in employment patterns where some ethnic groups were under-represented in work

Question 20

6) what does the Low Pay Commission (2010) find?

Answer 20

Found migrants took work below their level of qualification and tended to be concentrated in low paid occupations e.g airports/hotels

Question 21

7) what did the poverty site find?

Answer 21

The proportion of each ethnic group living in poverty in the uk varies from 20% for white people, to 50% for black africans to 60-70% for Pakistani and Bangladeshi citizens

Question 22

8) what did the institute of race relations find?

Answer 22

Found that the group most likely to live in poverty with the highest proportion of free school meals= Gypsy/Roma (travellers)

Question 23

9) what did the Most recent census find about E.M and poverty

Answer 23

BME groups were more likely to live in areas of economic deprivation with Pakistani and Bangladeshi being the most vulnerable.
For instance the biggest Somali community in the UK is located in Butetown, one of the most deprived areas of wales.

Question 24

10) what did the 1998 independent inquiry into inequalities into health find?

Answer 24

Found BME groups tended to have higher rates of morbidity than white people due to increased material deprivation which can cause respiratory illness/increased mental health disorders

Question 25

11) what did WISERD 2011 discover?

Answer 25

The proportion of ethnic minority people in poverty is higher than that of the majority white population

Question 26

12) what did Owen et al conclude (2015)?

Answer 26

Ethnic minority groups are projected to remain disproportionately concentrated in lower paid sectors, especially the case for Bangladeshi and Pakistanis.