Ethnic Differences In Achievement (internal)

Question 1

Labelling and teacher racism

Answer 1

Asian pupils seen as being far from ideal pupil

Question 2

Black pupils and discipline

Answer 2

Gillborn and Youdell found teachers were quicker to discipline black pupils due to ‘racialised expectations’

Question 3

Asian pupils

Answer 3

Wright’s study found teachers assumed Asian pupils would have a poor grasp of English so left them out of class discussions or used simplistic language speaking to them

Question 4

Pupil identities

Answer 4

Archer described the idea pupil identity, the pathologized pupil identity (Asian feminised identity who is an ‘overachiever’ and the demonised pupil identity (black or white wc hyper-sexual identity). Asian pupils seen as not being naturally able

Question 5

Rejecting negative labels: study

Answer 5

Fuller’s study of 11 black girls in a girls school in south ldn found they rejected their labels and didn’t get involved with racist teachers. Mac an Ghaill’s study reached similar conclusions-no self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 6

Variety of boys responses

Answer 6

Sewell- The rebels (small minority of black pupils who misbehaved), the conformists (large group who were keen to succeed), the retreatists (small minority who were disconnected from school and subcultures) and the innovators (second largest group who were pro-education but anti-school)

Question 7

Critical race theory

Answer 7

Racism is an ingrained feature of societ

Question 8

Locked in equality

Answer 8

Gillborn says racism is “so deep rooted” and large that its an inevitable feature of the education system

Question 9

Marketisation and segregation

Answer 9

Gillborn says marketisation gives schools more scope to select pupils so negative stereotypes influence decisions and ethnic minority parents can be unaware of how waiting list systems work, language barriers etc

Question 10

Ethnocentric curriculum

Answer 10

Ball argues school history ignores that of black and Asian people

Question 11

Assessment

Answer 11

Gillborn says the assessment game is rigged as pupils’ ability is based entirely on teachers’ judgement

Question 12

Access to opportunities (exam tiers)

Answer 12

Tikly et al found in 30 schools the aiming high imitative to raise Black Caribbean pupils’ achievement failed and they were more likely than whites to be entered into the lower tier exams

Question 13

The new ‘IQ-ism’

Answer 13

Gillborn says teachers make false assumptions about the nature of pupil’s ‘ability’ or ‘potential’

Question 14

Black boys underachievement

Answer 14

Sewell argues racism in school is not powerful enough to prevent individuals from succeeding but its more attitudes and family

Question 15

Model minorities

Answer 15

Gillborn says the idea of Chinese and Indian pupils as being hardworking ignores the racism they face, makes the system appear meritocratic etc

Question 16

Ethnicity, class and gender

Answer 16

Connoly says class and gender interact differently with ethnicity depending on the ethnic group