ethnic differences in achievement - internal factors - labelling and identities

Question 1

gillborn and mirza (2000)

Answer 1

it is the actions of schools, not cultural background which causes ethnic minority underachievement

in one school, black pupils were the highest achievers at the start of primary school, but the worst by gcses

a pupil’s culture doesn’t change over time

Question 2

labelling and teacher racism

Answer 2

teachers see white pupils as closer to the ideal pupil and treat bame students differently

Question 3

gillborn and youdell

black pupils and discipline

Answer 3

teachers have negative, racialised expectations of black pupils

black pupils are more likely to be seen as a threat

black pupils report feeling underestimated & picked on more

black pupils are more likely to be excluded or isolated, limiting access to curriculum

Question 4

bourne

black pupils and exclusion

Answer 4

more likely to be seen as a threat and labelled negatively by schools, eventually resulting in exclusion

Question 5

osler

black pupils and exclusion

Answer 5

more likely to suffer from unofficial and ‘internal’ exclusions

more likely to be placed in pupil referral units

pupils feel isolated when teachers express disapproval of their culture or mispronounce their names.

Question 6

foster

black pupils and streaming

Answer 6

black pupils are more likely to be streamed low due to negative perceptions of behaviour & ability

can result in self-fulfilling prophecy of underachievement

Question 7

wright

asian pupils

Answer 7

asian culture is regarded as inferior by teachers

teachers assume asian pupils suffer language barriers

pupils feel isolated when teachers express disapproval of their culture or mispronounce their names.

Question 8

archer - pupil identity

pathologised pupil

Answer 8

asian

feminised identity

deserving poor

asexual or oppressed sexuality

plodding, conformist and culture-bound ‘over- achiever, a slogger who succeeds through hard work rather than natural ability

Question 9

archer - pupil identity

ideal pupil

Answer 9

white

masculinised identity

middle class

normal sexuality

seen as achieving in the right way, through natural ability and initiative

Question 10

archer - pupil identity

demonised pupil

Answer 10

black or white

working class

hyper sexualised identity

unintelligent, peer led, culturally deprived underachiever

Question 11

pupil identities

archer

Answer 11

teachers stereotype pupils based on their ethnic background

even minority ethnic students who are successful can be regarded negatively ‘negative positive stereotype’.