ethnic differences - external factors Flashcards
how many Chinese students got 5 GCSEs A* to C in 2015?
74.4% (they are the highest performing group)
this is 18% above the national average.
what is said about black background pupils
Pupils from a black background are the lowest performing group,(53.1%) this is 3.4 percentage points below the national average (56.6%). …although black pupils have an expected level of progress above the national average in English and mathematics.
what does Bereiter and Engelmann (1966) say about language
language spoken by low-income black American families as inadequate for educational success. They see it as ungrammatical, disjointed and incapable of expressing abstract ideas.
Concern that children who do not speak English at home may be held back has not been supported by statistics.
what evidence is there to support B+E (1966)
2015 pupils whose first language is not English were making more expected progress than their peers…. 77.2% of those pupils whose first language is not English made the expected level of progress in English, compared with 70.9% of those whose first language is English, a gap of 6.4 percentage points.
what does Ruth Lupton (2004) argue
adult authority in Asian families is similar to the model that operates in schools. She found that respectable behaviour towards adults was expected from children. This had an effect in school because parents were more likely to be supportive of school behaviour policies.
Tony Sewell(2009) family and larger culture
It is not the absence of male role models in single parent families that is leading black boys to underachieve but the lack of fatherly nurturing or ‘tough love’ The male love that they have comes from their peers. Successful boys interviewed by Sewell felt the greatest barrier to success was the pressure from other boys – doing well was seen as selling out to the white establishment.
Keddie sees cultural deprivation arguments as a victim blaming explanation, what does she argue?
ethnic minority children are culturally different not deprived. They underachieve because schools are ethnocentric based in favour of white culture and against minorities
in what way does Gillborn agree with Keddie?
not peer pressure but institutional racism within the education system itself. Cultural deprivation theory also ignores the positive effects of ethnicity on achievement – black Caribbean family far from being dysfunctional provides girls with strong positive role models of independent women. Beliefs about familial attitudes not supporting attainment may need a more contemporary approach
what evidence supports gilborn?
2015 72.5% of those pupils whose first language is not English making the expected level of progress in mathematics, compared with 64.5% of those whose first language is English, a gap of 8 percentage points.
Andrew Mcculloch (2014)
found that ethnic minority pupils are more likely to aspire to go to university than white British pupils. studied 16,000 pupils
what are the 3 external factors causing differential achievement in ethnic groups?
cultural deprivation. material deprivation and racism in the wider society
material deprivation - Guy Palmer (2012)
Almost half of all ethnic minority children live in low income households as against a quarter of white children. Many live in economically depressed areas with high unemployment and low wage rates –racial discrimination in the labour market and housing market
racism in the wider society - Wood et al(2010)
sent 3 closely matched job applications to each of 1,000 job vacanicies. These came from fictitious applicants; one appeared to come from a white person, 2 from minority groups. Only one in 16 ‘ethnic minority’ applications were offered an interview, as against one in nine ‘white applications’.
