Ethncitiy And Hybridity

Question 1

Hebdige (1979)

Answer 1

saw British youth subcultures as a ‘succession of a differential responses to the black immigrant presence in Britain’ eg mods imitating styles from West Indians and soul music

Question 2

Hebdige (1976)

Answer 2

saw Rastafarianism and reggae culture as forms of resistance to white culture and racism with roots in relations to slavery.

Question 3

Johal (1998)

Answer 3

Asians adopt a ‘hyper-ethnic style’ which is an exaggerated form of their parents culture. This provides an ‘empowerment through difference’ but religion and marriage partners can result in selective cultural preferences where young Asians move between cultures depending on whether Britishness or ‘Asianness’ is more appropriate

Question 4

Mercer (1987)

Answer 4

saw the styling of hair in the black culture as symbolic of emphasis f identification with black identity and so is a form of resistance. Straightened black hairstyles is seen as assimilation of white culture. Mercer also sees these as forms of hybridity