Ethics, Public health & Clinical Skills

Question 1

Biomedical model

Answer 1

Body as a “machine”. Does not take into account patient themselves

Question 2

Bio-psychosocial model

Answer 2

Disease and illness framework integrated

Question 3

Communitarianism

Answer 3

Is the act good for everyone it will affect

Question 4

Deontology

Answer 4

Is the act in itself right or wrong

Question 5

Epidemiology

Answer 5

Study of frequency, distribution and determinants of disease in population

Question 6

Epidemiological triangle

Answer 6

Vector, host, environment

Question 7

Incidence rate

Answer 7

number of new cases of a disease occurring in a population during a specific period of time/ number of people exposed to disease during that period of time

Question 8

Negative predictive value

Answer 8

Proportion of those who test negative who do not have the disease

Question 9

Positive predictive value

Answer 9

Proportion of those who test positive who have the disease

Question 10

Prevalence rate

Answer 10

Number of cases of a disease present in a population at a specific point in time/number of people at risk of having the disease at that point in time

Question 11

Sensitivity

Answer 11

Proportion of those who have the disease who are correctly identified by a +ve test

Question 12

Specificity

Answer 12

Proportion of those who do not have the disease who are correctly identified by -ve test

Question 13

What is the difference between population and opportunistic screening?

Answer 13

Population - everyone gets it

Opportunistic - test for someone who may be at increased risk

Question 14

Uptake

Answer 14

Number of people taking part in voluntary screening

Question 15

Yield

Answer 15

Number of previously undiagnosed cases picked up by a screening test or programme

Question 16

Beneficence

Answer 16

having welfare of the patient as a goal

Question 17

Autonomy

Answer 17

Capacity of a rational individual to make an informed decision about their care

Question 18

Non-maleficence

Answer 18

Do not harm to the patient

Question 19

Justice

Answer 19

Moral choices

Question 20

Utilitarianism

Answer 20

Acting for benefit of the majority

Question 21

Virtue

Answer 21

One’s character and values

Question 22

Principle of double effect

Answer 22

Bad effect of an action outweighs the good effect

Question 23

Black bag

Answer 23

Household waste

Question 24

Blue bag

Answer 24

Confidential waste

Question 25

Orange bag

Answer 25

Clinical waste

Question 26

Red bag

Answer 26

Soiled laundry

Question 27

Yellow bag

Answer 27

Theatre/anatomy waste

Question 28

Yellow sharps bin with blue lid

Answer 28

Drug vials

Question 29

What is the most important human factor in the prevention of patient harm?

Answer 29

Situational awareness