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Wildlife Medicine > Ethics in Wildlife, Zoos, and Conservation > Flashcards

Ethics in Wildlife, Zoos, and Conservation Flashcards

1
Q

Zoo

A

A park or an institution in which living animals are kept and usually exhibited to the public.

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2
Q

What were zoos like in ancient history?

A

Royal menageries held large collections of animals and were usually not exhibited to public. A sign of power. Animals were frequently used in roman games

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3
Q

When were modern zoos established?

A

Late 1700s

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4
Q

What are the ethical concerns of zoos?

A
  1. Animals are taken from the wild
  2. Quality of captive care
  3. Confinement and lack of liberty
  4. Fate of surplus animals
  5. Animals as entertainment
  6. Zoos vary in quality
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5
Q

What should we consider when protecting welfare in captivity?

A

Many species are not easily handled in captivity (polar bear) and it does tend to restrict certain behaviors. There can be some benefits, but it’s important to know if they outweigh the costs.

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6
Q

What should be the conditions for keeping wild animals captive?

A
  1. Basic physical and physiological needs must be met
    • Animals have mortal status
    • Captors have a responsibility of care
  2. A life must be provided that is comparable or better than in the wild
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7
Q

What are the justifications for zoos? (REVIEW SPECIFIC SLIDES)

A

Education
Entertainment
Research
Species preservation
Encouraging respect for wildlife

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8
Q

Human-centered ethics

A

Only humans have intrinsic worth

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9
Q

Sentience- centered ethics

A

Only sentient animals have intrinsic worth

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10
Q

Life-centered ethics

A

All living things have intrinsic moral worth
- Reverence for life

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11
Q

Environmental-centered ethics

A

Not just individual, but “wholes” count
Respect for biodiversity
‘preserve integrity, stability and beauty of biotic community’

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12
Q

Environmental-centered ethics

A

Not just individual, but “wholes” count
Respect for biodiversity
‘preserve integrity, stability and beauty of biotic community’

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13
Q

Eco-centric ethics

A

A philosophy that places intrinsic value on all living organisms and their natural environment, regardless of their perceived usefulness or importance to human beings

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14
Q

How are eco-centric ethics different from animal - centric ethics? (SEE EXAMPLE SLIDE)

A
  1. eco-centric ethics shows little concern for captive animals
  2. Eco-centric ethics is concerned about more than just sentient animals
  3. Animal ethics is concerned with pain and death, sometimes seen as essential
    parts of the life process
  4. Eco-centric ethics is more concerned with systems or structures than
    individuals
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15
Q

How can we asses population welfare?

A

Biodiversity
Quantity of resources
Quality of resources (variety etc)

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16
Q

How can we define animal welfare?

A

A combination of opinions from me, you, the government, AVMA and AZA.

17
Q

Freedom

A

It is the power of self-determination attributed to the will, the quality of being independent of fate or necessity.
OR
To enjoy competence, choice, control, variety and complexity equals practical freedom.
More choice - more freedom

18
Q

What are the updated 5 freedoms?

A
  1. Achieve competence
  2. Have choice
  3. Take control
  4. Experience variety
  5. Engage complexity
19
Q

How is welfare for wild animals?

A

Typically poor. “Natural” is not normally a good benchmark for captive animal welfare, we can usually do better.

20
Q

What is something we can do about wild animal welfare?

A

Interventions? Could do more harm than good.

21
Q

What are the arguments for doing nothing for wildlife?

A
  1. Problem is too big, meaningless to start
  2. Knowledge and expertise lacking
  3. Unpredictable consequences of altering ecosystems
  4. Interfering with natural selection
  5. Stress and treatment of captivity
  6. Unknown or low survival rate
22
Q

What are the arguments for intervening with wildlife?

A
  1. Can enhance knowledge
  2. Can enhance respect for environment
  3. Can be successful and thus improve wildlife welfare
  4. Treatment of endangered species
  5. Compensate for humans acts
  6. Small improvements can have big impacts
23
Q

What percentage of amphibians are at risk for extinction?

A

40%

24
Q

What percentage of reef corals are at risk for extinction?

A

33%

25
Q

What percentage of sharks and rays are at risk for extinction?

A

31%

26
Q

What percentage of birds are at risk for extinction?

A

13%

27
Q

What percentage of mammals are at risk for extinction?

A

25%

28
Q

What percentage of small crustaceans are at risk for extinction?

A

27%

29
Q

What are justifications for rehabilitating wildlife?

A
  1. Animal welfare
  2. Research
  3. Conservation of endangered species
  4. Public educations
30
Q

Rehabilitation

A

Attempt to return an animal to full health or a reasonable functional condition.

31
Q

What is the general agreement for wildlife populations and rehabilitation?

A

The health of wild populations should be of
greater concern than welfare of the individual animal
Clear outlines and goals are very important.

Wildlife Medicine (6 decks)

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