Ethics and Violence in Sport

Question 1

What is sportsmanship and what can it be encouraged by?

Answer 1

Conforming to the rules, spirit and etiquette of a sport
encouraged by
- use of NGB campaigns
- awards for fair play
- punish foul and unsporting behaviour
- role models to promote fair play

Question 2

What is gamesmanship and some examples?

Answer 2

• Bending the rules to gain an unfair advantage and achieve the desired result
  examples -
• time wasting
• deliberate deception of an official

Question 3

Describe win ethic analysis

Answer 3

• Win at all costs (Lombardian ethic)
• Employment of gamesmanship - stretching the rules to the absolute limit in order to gain an advantage

Question 4

What are some examples of when win ethic mentality may take place?

Answer 4

• No drawn games eg cup football
• Managers fired if unsuccessful
• High media praise for winners and negative for losers

Question 5

What is positive deviance and an example?

Answer 5

• Behaviour outside the norms of society with no intent to break or harm the rules
  eg performer may over train or compete in an event despite being injured

Question 5

What is negative deviance and some examples?

Answer 5

• Behaviour that goes against the norms and has detrimental effect on individuals and society in general - win at all costs
  eg taking PED’s
  deliberately fouling or harming an opponent
  accepting a bribe to lose
  diving

Question 6

What are some causes of violence by sports performers?

Answer 6

• Win at all costs attitude
• Frustration (losing)
• Local rivalry
• Revenge
• Pressure from coach/teammates
• Poor role models

Question 7

What are the reasons against sports performer violence?

Answer 7

• Performers are role models
• Health to opponents as it can cause injury
• It is cheating/leads to unfair advantage

Question 8

What are some strategies to reduce performer violence?

Answer 8

• Use of video technology
• Harsher penalties set from NGB’s
• Educate on ethos of fair play
• Provide positive role models to aspire to
• Highlight responsibility and negative impact on team

Question 9

What are some causes of spectator violence in sport?

Answer 9

• Poor crowd control
• Importance of event eg local derby
• Alcohol
• Pre-match media hype
• Score
• Abuse from rival fans

Question 10

What are strategies to manage spectator violence?

Answer 10

• Ban or control alcohol sales
• Increased use of police
• Imposing tougher deterrents eg fines and bans
• Early KO times
• Avoiding media hype
• Segregation of fans