Ethics and legal Considerations PPT Flashcards
Provides certification
Medical Imaging, Interventional Procedures and Radiation Therapy RT(T)
Creates National Board Exam
ARRT-American Registry of Radiologic Technologists
What two functions serves as the code of ethics
Education and Regulation
person’s established ideals of life
values
system of standards defining what is right or wrong
Ethics
associated with professional rules or actions taken in a given situation
Ethical principles
2 systems conflict
Ethical dilemma
right of patients to make decisions for themselves, free of interference by others
Autonomy
doing good and calls on health care professionals to act in the best interest of patients, even when it might be inconvenient or sacrifices must be made. Ex. palliative care is it or isn’t it
Beneficence
information revealed by a patient to a healthcare provider, or information that is learned in the course of a healthcare provider performing his or her duties is private and should be held in confidence
Confidentiality
What replaced the Patients Bill of Rights
The patients care partnership
Constructed by The American Hospital Association in 1973, revised in 1992 and 1998
Patients bill of rights
Includes: High Quality Care, Clean/Safe Environment, Involvement in own care, Privacy Protection, Help when leaving hospital. Help with billing claims
The patients care partnership
directs health care professionals to avoid harmful actions to patients
Nonmaleficence
truthfulness within the realm of health care practice
Veracity
EX: Under certain conditions, it is acceptable for confidentiality to be breached and veracity to be disregarded
What does HIPAA-Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act publish rules to ensure?
Standardization of electronic patient administrative, financial and health data
Creation of unique health identifiers for employees, heal care providers, and health plans
Security standard that protect the confidentiality and integrity of “individually identifiable health information”
What are considered Ethical decision models?
Analytical-caregiver as a scientist, does not consider human aspect, patient as a lung or brain
Priestly-godlike, makes decisions for and not with the patient, forcing a patient to comply with treatment regardless of pain or discomfort
Collegial-more cooperative method of pursuing health care for patient and provider, gives control to the patient while producing confidence and reserving dignity and respect, therapists takes time with patient, humane treatment
Contractual-business relationship, contract arrangement, information is shared,requires compliance from patient but patient is in control, process of informed consent
Covenant-understanding based on traditional values and goals, patient trusts the caregiver to do what is right
Radiation therapist involves application of professionalism, personal theory of ethics, choice of model to interact with patient
Difficulties that arise are due to constant changes in health care
Patients should actively participate
Patient’s Bill of Rights
What should informed consent include?
nature of the procedure, treatment, risks, complications, side effects
expectations of recommended treatment and likelihood of success
reasonable alternatives available, probable outcomes if not treated
What year was Case Law established
1957
Ex: requires physicians to give patients information regarding risks, benefits, alternative treatments, expected outcomes
Need not get consent…in emergency situation
What law allows a competent adult to provide direction to health care providers concerning his/her choice of treatment under certain conditions
Living Will
True or False:
Demonstrates competency at the time of the living will
True:
Directs that no artifical or herioic measures be taken to preserve his/her life
What does the Living Will include to avoid legal issues?
Requests that medication be provided to relieve pain
Intends to relieve the hospital and physician of legal responsibility for complying with directives in living will
Has the signature witnessed by two disinterested parties, not relatives and have no claim to the estate
DNR do not resuscitate
legal document that allows an individual 18 yrs or older to be his/her surrogate and make decisions in matters of health care
Power of attorney
Legal: Can be family member or friend
Treatments desired or not must be specified in document
What are the power of attorney and Living Will considered to be?
Advance Directives
True or False:
Both the Living Will and the Power of Attorney can be used to clearly describe the wishes of the patient
TRUE
provide palliative and supportive care to patient in hospice facility or at home
Hospice Care
based on precedent and principles
Civil Law
Ex: violations prosecuted in civil court
personal injury law; civil wrong committed against individual/s property
Tort
willfully violating another’s rights such as forcing patient to undergo procedure
Intentional Tort
result from actions NOT intended to cause harm to patient
Unintentional Tort
deliberate act where one person threatens to harm another person without consent and the victim thinks the attacker has the ability to carry out the act
Assault
intentional touching without consent such as performing a radiologic procedure on a patient who has refused treatment
Battery
intentional confinement without authorization,such as use of restraints without permission
False Imprisonment
written defamation of character
Libel
oral defamation of character
Slander
confidentiality of information not maintained
Invasion of privacy
What is the most common medical malpractice
Negligence- based on prudent person-person perform as any reasonable person would do
act of negligence is malpractice
What should be included with a consent?
Patient capacity to consent or refuse must be established
Competency-minimal mental, cognitive, behavioral ability required to assume responsibility
Cannot understand- must have surrogate
Minors must have signature of parent or guardian
Must sign for release of information
”let the master answer” employer is responsible for negligent act of its employees that occur while carrying out orders of employer
Respondent Superior
persons are liable for their own negligent conduct, law does not allow wrongdoers to avoid legal liability
Personal Liability
“the thing speaks for itself”
Res Ipsa Loquitur
plaintiff has the burden of proving that a standard care exists for the treatment of the medical problem
the health care provider failed to abide by the standard
failure was direct cause of the patient’s injury
True or False
Incident Reports-should be completed anytime an event occurs that could or does result in injury to a patient or visitor
True
Section A
Section B
Section C
A: Outlines codes of ethics
B: Rules of Ethics
C: the administrative procedures followed by the ARRT when an individual is accused of violating the Code as related to the established rules
How many rules of ethics are there?
22
Code of Ethics for Radiation Therapist
The radiation therapist advances the principal objective of the profession
to provide services to humanity with full respect for the dignity of
mankind.
• The radiation therapist delivers patient care and service unrestricted
by concerns of personal attributes or the nature of the disease or
illness and nondiscriminatory with respect to race, color, creed, sex,
age, disability, or national origin.
• The radiation therapist assesses situations; exercises care, discretion,
and judgment; assumes responsibility for professional decisions;
and acts in the best interest of the patient.
• The radiation therapist adheres to the tenets and domains of the
scope of practice for radiation therapists.
The radiation therapist actively engages in lifelong learning to maintain,
improve, and enhance professional competence and knowledge
