Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RAT 2020 PP1 Test 3 > Chapter 11 HW > Flashcards

Chapter 11 HW Flashcards

1
Q

A substance that alters physiologic function, with the potential for affecting health

A

Drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A drug administered for it therapeutic effects

A

Medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The science of drugs, including the sources, chemistry and actions of drugs

A

Pharmacology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Constituents of the chemical formula

A

Chemical Name

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Coined by the original manufacturer

A

Generic Name

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Usually the same as the generic name

A

Official Name

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The drug’s name in official publications

A

Brand or Trade Name

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Condition or circumstance that indicates a drug should not be used

A

Contraindications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What factors determine the dosage and speed of absorption of drugs?

A

Route of entry, the pH of the recipient environment, the solubility of the formula, and the drug’s interaction with body chemicals while in transit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The process by which the body alters the chemical composition of a substance

A

Metabolism (biotransformation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are drugs excreted

A

Through the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are other ways drugs are eliminated from the body

A

Lungs, sweat glands, tear ducts, salivary glands, intestines and mammary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What weight are average drug doses based on

A

150lbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Expected reactions to medication

A

Side Effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Unexpected reactions to medication

A

Complication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

One that develops as a result of another form of medical treatment

A

Iatrogenic disease

Ex: result from long-term use of a drug that damages organs or causes disorders with time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List the six rights of medication

A

Right patient, medication, dose, time, route, documentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Substances introduced into the body to make an organ, the surface of an organ, or materials within the lumen of an organ visible on imaging

A

Contrast media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List four types of emergencies (and the signs and symptoms of each) that radiation therapist are most likely to encounter

A

a. Asthma attack-tightness or pressure in the chest, mild to moderate shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing
b. Pulmonary edema-abnormal swelling of tissue in the lungs because of fluid buildup with symptoms of rapid, labored breathing; cough; and cyanosis.
c. Anaphylactic shock-nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, urticarial (hives), shortness of breath, airway obstruction, and vascular shock.
d. Cardiac arrest-when the heart stops beating suddenly and respiration and other body functions stop as a result

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List three ways Pharmacologists classify drugs

A

a. According to the effects of the drug on particular receptor sites
b. In terms of the symptoms that the drug relieves
c. Its chemical group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Morphine and codeine (narcotics), Tylenol or aspirin (nonnarcotics)

A

Category of Drug: Analgesics

Purpose: Relieves Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pentothal (depress the entire central nervous system so patient is unconscious); Novocain (acts only on the nerves in a small area); Lidocaine(used to treat inflamed membranes in the mouth and pharynx)

A

Category of Drug: Anesthetics

Purpose: Suppress the sensation of feeling by acting on the central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ativan, Valium, Xanax

A

Category of Drug: Antianxiety

Purpose: Mild tranquilizers that help to calm anxious patient and relieve muscle spasms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Penicillin

A

Category of Drug: Antibiotic

Purpose: Suppress the growth of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Warfarin(Coumadin) –orally | Heparine-Injection
Category of Drug: Anticoagulants | Purpose: Prevents blood from clotting too quickly
26
Clonazepam(Klonopin) and Dilantin
Category of Drug: Anticonvulsants | Purpose: Inhibit or control seizures
27
Prozac, Paxil, Lexapro, Zoloft
Category of Drug: Antidepressant
28
Lomotil and Imodium
Category of Drug: Antidiarrheal | Purpose: Controls gastrointestional distress
29
Compazine, Phenergan, Zofran
Category of Drug: Antiemetic | Purpose: Prevents nausea and vomiting
30
Nizoral, Diflucan, or Nystatin
Category of Drug: Antifungals | Purpose: Treats fungal infections such as yeast or thrush
31
Catapres, Lopressor, Serpasil
Category of Drug: Antihypertensives | Purpose: Lowers blood pressure
32
Ibuprofen (Motrin), Naproxen
Category of Drug: Antiinflammatory | Purpose: Reduce inflammation
33
Radiolucent, low atomic numbers, easily penetrated by xrays, appear darker on radiographs ex. air and carbon dioxide
Negative Contrast
34
Radiopaque, high atomic numbers, absorbs xrays, appear white on the ragiographs ex. barium sulfate
Positive Contrast
35
What are the two most common negative contrast media
Air and Carbon Dioxide
36
What is the most commonly used contrast agent used for gastrointestional tract examinations
Barium Sulfate | Orally and or rectally
37
high osmolality, a high number of particles in solution, greater contrast, increased toxicity and viscosity
Ionic Contrast Material
38
low osmolality, Iodides remain intact instead of splitting. Agitate cells less. No charged ions are introduce into the body. Cost more than ionic agents so often reserved for allergy prone patients
Nonionic Contrast Material
39
What is the purpose of getting blood work before administration of contrast?
To reduce the risk of contrast-induced nephrotoxicity and assess kidney function.
40
What are normal levels of BUN?
7 – 20 mg/ul
41
What are normal levels of Creatinine
.6 to 1.4 mg/dl
42
An antihyperglycemic agent given to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Metformin | risks with having IV contrast: Chance of metformin associated lactic acidosis
43
a decreased volume of circulating blood in the body. Can occur with dehydration or bleeding.
Hypovolemia
44
Swelling around the injection site accompanied by cool, pale skin and possible hard patches or localized pain
Infiltration
45
Hives
Urticaria
46
difficulty breathing
Dyspnea
47
temporary loss of consciousness
Syncope
48
accidental leakage into the surrounding tissues; a discharge or escape (e.g. blood) from a vessel into the tissues.
Extravasation
49
the movement of a drug from the site of administration to bloodstream.
Asborption
50
the process of eliminating or expelling waste matter.
Excretion
51
the transfer of drugs from one location to another in the body
Distribution
52
Body’s adaptation to a particular drug and requirement of ever greater doses to achieve the desired effect
Tolerance
53
Reaction resulting from an immunologic response to a drug to which the patient has already been sensitized.
Allergic reaction
54
List the four drug administration routes most often encountered by patients receiving radiation therapy and describe how administered
* Oral (taken by mouth. Slowly absorbed into bloodstream, less potent but longer lasting than by injection) * Mucous membrane (suppository in rectum or vagina, inhalation in a medicated mist, direct application by swabbing, Gargling, Irrigating the target tissue by flushing with sterile or medicated fluid, under the tongue) * Topical (Applied directly to the skin, ex. transdermal patch, antiseptics, ointments, lotion, etc.) * Parenteral
55
List some reasons a drug cannot be given orally
Because gastric secretions inactivate the medications or because the drugs have a bad taste or odor, damage teeth, or cause gastric distress or the patient is unable to take the drug by mouth
56
Suppository form using mucous membranes in the rectum or vagina, Inhalation in a mist, direct application by swabbing, gargling, irrigating the target tissue by flushing with sterile or medicated fluid
methods of introducing drugs through the mucous membrane
57
Route of drug administration in which the medication bypasses the gastrointestinal tract
Parenteral
58
List the four most common routes of parenteral administration and explain each.
a. Intradermal-shallow injection between the layers of the skin b. Subcutaneous-a 45 or 90 degree injection into the subcutaneous tissue just below the skin c. A 90 degree injection into the muscle used for larger amounts or a quicker systemic effect d. An injection directly into the bloodstream that provides an immediate effect
59
Of the four parenteral routes, which route is used most often by therapists
IV Routes
60
39. Most IV contrast media in simulation rooms are administered using a ___________.
Power Injector
61
contains a single dose of medicine. The tip is snapped off, and the drug is drawn into a syringe through a filter needle.
Ampule
62
has a rubber stopper, and the needle is inserted through the stopper to draw out the medicine. It may contain multiple doses
Vial
63
Where is the most common place for sterility to be compromised with an IV drip?
In the two ends of the tubing
64
What items should be included on an IV equipment tray
? Tourniquet, antiseptic swabs, gloves, a syringe, a needle, cotton balls, the correct drug, and adhesive bandages. (also, catheters, tubing, drip bottles, poles, and monitors if needed)
65
Where on the patient is the preferred venous access site for power injectors?
Large forearm vein
66
List four things that can affect the delivery rate of an IV injection
Kink in the tubing, a clot in the needle or catheter, the needle tip pressing against the vein wall, or a problem at the site of entry
67
List two things that determine the site chosen for venipuncture
the drug being used and the lenth of time that the IV line will be in place
68
What site would most likely be used for drawing blood or for injecting a single dose
Large antecubital vein in the arm
69
What sites are most likely to be used for long term use
Lower cephalic, accessory cephalic, and basilica veins (above anterior wrist) or basilica, metacarpal, and cephalic veins (posterior hand)
70
List some contraindications of using a specific venipuncture site
Scar tissue or hematoma, infection, skin lesions, burns, collapsed veins, or veins too small for the chosen gauge of needle
71
Injection of agents into tissues surrounding the vein instead of into the vein.
extravasation
72
Inflammation of the walls of the veins
phlebitis | Can be prevented by using a smaller needle so blood can flow thru it
73
How often should the infusion set be changed in IV therapy
Every 24-48 hours
74
List some things (taken from this chapter) that therapists are not legally allowed to do that are the physician’s responsibility.
Therapists cannot legally: diagnose, interpret images, reveal test results, prescribe drugs, admit or discharge patients, or order tests
75
What are the two most common complaints that lead to malpractice suites in radiology and oncology
False negative or False positive diagnoses, and misadministration of contrast media
76
List 7 items that must be included in the patient’s medical chart
a. Patient identification and demographic information b. Medical history, including family history, allergies and previous illnesses c. Nature of the current complaint and a report of examinations and treatments d. Orders for and results of any test or procedures e. Record of medications f. Physician’s notes, instructions, and conclusions g. Informed consent form
77
List some things that may be included on an informed consent form
a. Name of authorized physician b. Description of the procedure and associated medications c. An assurance that the purpose, benefit, risk, and any alternative options have been imparted and understood d. An areas where patients can write in their words what the procedure entails e. A disclaimer (which does not always hold up in court) releasing the caregiver and facility from liability if complications develop or the treatment fails
78
Chemo Drugs
Category of Drugs: Antineoplastic | Purpose: Chemotherapeutic agents used to treat cancer cells throughout the body
79
Ionic or nonionic
Category of Drugs: Contrast Material | Purpose: Enhance the visibility of internal tissues for diagnostic imaging
80
Dexamethasone (Decadron-often given to patients being treated to the brain)
Category of Drugs: Corticosteroids | Purpose: Reduce inflammation
81
Diuril or Lasix
Category of Drugs: Diuretics | Purpose: Removes fluid from cells
82
Metformin
Category of Drugs: Hypoglycemics | Purpose: Treats low blood sugar
83
Estrogen (Premarin)
Category of Drugs: Hormones | Purpose: Used to augment endocrine secretion.
84
Codeine, meperidine, oxycodone, methadone, and morphine
Category of Drugs: Narcotics | Purpose: Federally controlled substances that relax the central nervous system and relieves pain.
85
Narcan and naltrexone
Category of Drugs: Narcotic antagonists | Purpose: Used to counter the effects of narcotic drugs.
86
Imaging: Technetium 99m and Iodine-131 Therapeutic: Palladium 103, Iodine-125, Iridium-192, Strontium-89
Category of Drugs: Radio isotope | Purpose: Used in nuclear medicine as diagnostic imaging agents
87
Barbiturates such as Seconal Nembuta (addictive)l. Nonbarbiturate such as lorazepam diphenhydramine and midazolam. Chloral hydrate (to sedate children)
Category of Drugs: Sedatives | Purpose: Calm anxious patients and relax the central nervous system.
88
Diazepam (valium)
Category of Drugs: Skeletal muscle relaxants | Purpose: Drugs that relax skeletal muscle
89
Hydrocortisone 1%, Aquaphor, Eucerin
Category of Drugs: Skin Agents | Purpose: Keeps the skin soft and supple while reducing pain and itching caused by erythema.
90
Adderall and Ritalin stimulate the CNS. Dopamine and to stimulate heart and treat hypotension and shock.
Category of Drugs: Stimulants | Purpose: Increases activity such as the central nervous system, heart
91
Chlordiazeposide and diazepam
Category of Drugs: Tranquilizers | Purpose: Relieves anxiety
92
Nitroglycerin
Category of Drugs: Vasodilators | Purpose: Makes the blood vessels dilate.

RAT 2020 PP1 Test 3 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions