ethics and deviance in sport Flashcards
what is deviance
behaviour that differs from the norms and values of sport
usually driven by ‘win at all costs’ attitude
what is violence
physical force with the intention of harming an individual, group or property
drugs and doping
substances used to improve/change human performance
gambling in sport
fixture or competition played to a pre-determined result
who bans drugs
world anti doping agency
why are some drugs banned
they are performance enhancing
ped: hgh
-inc bone, muscle and cartilage growth
-occurs naturally in the body
-improved power and strength
ped: anabolic steroids
forms of testosterone
-stimulates muscle growth and aggression
ped: beta blockers
-control hr and calm nerves
-used with fine motor skills
ped: epo
-occurs naturally and controls red blood cell production
-synthetic version of hormone inc o2 carrying capacity
-improved endurance
ped: blood doping
removing blood from body and red blood cells re-transfused before event
-inc red blood cells
-inc endurance
ped: diuretics
-rapid weight loss by inc water expelled
-masking agent to flush illegal drugs or dilute them
legal: creatine
improves recovery of ATP/PC system
legal: caffeine
-helps train harder and longer
-clearer thinking and greater concentration
legal: bicarbonate/soda loading
-help buffer effects of lactic acid
legal: carb replenishment
-aid energy replenishment
-powders, gells, sports drinks, carb loading
legal: glucosamine
-maintaining cartilage
recovery formulas
-eg protein powder
-speeds up recovery and /or make it more effective
-eg muscle growth
advantages of legal supplements
-improve general health and sporting performance
-inc duration of sports performance
disadvantages of legal supplements
-some don’t do what they say
-health implications from taking supplements for prolonged period of time on digestive system
-high sugar sweets lead to decay
physiological reasons for drug use
-improve performance by altering the body physically
social reasons for drug use
-pressure from coach, peer, country, politics
-everyone is doing it
-think they won’t get caught
-win at all costs attitude
-state sponsored programmes
psychological reasons for drug use
-improve performance through altering brain function
consequences of drug use for performer
improved performance
-unfair advantage
physiological health
-addiction, health problems
psychological health
-mental health, mood swings, aggression, depression
punishment
-law breaking, banned, lose medals
reputation
-ruined career and name
consequences of drugs on sport
values
-challenges the concept of fair play
sponsors
-loss of sponsors for ‘tainted’ sport and bad image
lowered participation
-negative image and children don’t participate
lowered public support
-choose not to spectate and fund the sport
false records/results
-unfair advantage and not always caught
consequences of drugs on society
negative role models
-effect on society and value of healthy lifestyles
reflection on society
-shows society as ‘win at all costs’ and reflection of corrupt society with unethical citizens
implement ban
-society may have to make rules to ban all athletes using drugs
legalise/accept drugs
-could make drug use legal
drug testing
-enable effective testing to be developed.
strategies to stop illegal drug use
stricter punishment
-life bans, loss of prize/money/sponsorship , loss of medals
improved testing
-stricter, random, regular and out of season
education
-coaches and performers, health dangers and legal issues
legalisation
research and inc funding
-new drug detecting methods
use of role models
-encourage drug free sport, ‘name and shame’
what is violence in sport
intense physical force that is directed towards harming an individual or group or property
player and spectator violence
causes of player and spectator violence
frustration
-with referee decisions, score, performance
importance of game/results
-monetary reward, cup match, league position decider, derby
causes of player violence
provoked/retaliation
-by opponent, teammates, crowd abuse, racism, violence on pitch copied
nature of game
-contact sports, rules encourage violence
dehumanising weapons and kit
-protective gear, equipment that can be used as weapons, eg hockey stick
drugs
-testosterone, ‘roid rage’ from steroids
causes of spectator violence
alcohol/social drugs
-people lose their inhibitions, become more brave
poor spectator provision
-overcrowding, poor stewarding, poor policing
hooligans
-organised violence, looking for a fight, outlet of ‘energy’
deindividualisation
-loose sense of individual identity in crowd, diminished responsibility can cause violence when you usually wouldn’t be
imitating violence on the pitch
solutions to player violence
rule changes
-minimise violent situations in sport, eg no high tackles
punishment
-make disciplinary process sever, match bans as deterrent, legal action where appropriate
education
-fair play, role of role models, negative effect of violence, control emotions and stress
more effective officiating
-maintain control of game, catch violent acts, qualified officials
technology
-fairer outcomes reduce frustration, catch foul play
coaches
-encourage a philosophy of assertive behaviour rather than violence
solutions to spectator violence
stricter punishment
-remove season tickets, legal action
control of alcohol
-searches at gates, ban alcohol, early kick of time
improve spectator facilities
-all seated stadiums, separation of fans
use of cctv/ cameras
-spot incidents, record evidence
liaison with law enforcement
-share info, banning orders for home and abroad fixtures
promotion as family entertainment
-use of family sections within crowd, children based entertainment like mascots
gambling in sport
-dates back to pre-industrial britain, biggest in football
-bet on overall outcome or individual performances
-now globalised through internet
-players banned from gambling
-betting companies sponsor sport
-illegal to fix a match
advantages of gambling on sport
-financial benefits to people involved with success
-offer big sponsorship deals in sport
-adds excitement
disadvantages of gambling on sport
-rise in illegal betting in sport
-cause corruption through match fixing
-players gain gambling problems
-cause debt/addiction
-negative image
-growth of industry makes it easier to partake
