ethics

Question 1

who are three key scholars on ethics and the year they were published

Answer 1

pogge 2002, rawls 1999, beitz 1979

Question 2

what was pogge’s main contribution to ethic in IR

Answer 2

• rich countries are complicit in global poverty
• global economic structures perpetuate inequality

Question 3

what was rawls view on ethics in IR

Answer 3

• bringing justice and fairness to the international system
• advocates for fair global governance

Question 4

what was Beitz’s view on ethics

Answer 4

• there should be stronger ethical obligations across borders

Question 5

what is theoretical pluralism

Answer 5

there is a division of scholars over how to answer questions like
- should the rich redistribute their wealth?
- should the west intervene around the world or is that neo-colonialism

Question 6

what is normative theorizing

Answer 6

evaluates the rightness and wrongness of things
- is there a better way of doing things

Question 7

what is rawls ideal and non-ideal theory

Answer 7

• ideal theory is used to form principles for governance where everyone complies with moral principles, what does a perfectly just society look like
• non-ideal theory focuses on real world conditions where there is partial compliance, power imbalances, historical injustices, how do we progress with these constraints

Question 8

what is a limitation normative theorizing

Answer 8

• should a political philosopher tell people how to live and what rules to abide by (can be unrealistic and dangerous)

Question 9

what is cosmopolitanism

Answer 9

advocates for:
- universal global ethics
- global justice
- open borders
- focus on the rights and dignity of individuals

Question 10

what are some limitations to cosmopolitanism

Answer 10

• it can ignore local cultural and traditional differences
• is impractical and can impose western values world wide

Question 11

what is communitarianism

Answer 11

• rejects universal claims - morality is rooted in shared traditions not abstract things
• specific communities have different ethics norms and priorities which need to be preserved and respected

Question 12

what are some limitations to communitarianism

Answer 12

-can justify exclusionary authoritarian policies in the name of cultural preservation

Question 13

what is just war theory

Answer 13

• a summary of when going to war is justified, how it should be fought ethically, and the law after war

Question 14

what is Jus Ad Bellum

Answer 14

when is going to war justified
- for a moral reason
- only when legal bodies declare war
- the goal of war is peace and war is a last resort

Question 15

what is Jus In Bello

Answer 15

how should war be fought ethically
- civilians not deliberately targeted
- should not exceed necessary objectives
- ban tactics such as chemical warfare, torture and genocide

Question 16

what is Just Post Bellum

Answer 16

what should law after war be
- Fair peace terms
- reconstruction and reconciliation

Question 17

give an example of a just and unjust war

Answer 17

just - ww2, unjust - iraq 2003

Question 18

what are some key ethical debates

Answer 18

globalization and aid - who is responsible for what
human rights and peace - humanitarian intervention, when to intervene in war or provide support
technology - do robots have responsibility, should we use ai, and drones