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A Level Eduqas Philosophy, Ethics And Religion > Ethics > Flashcards

Ethics Flashcards

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1
Q

What are absolute approaches?

A

They are objective. What is right or wrong is fixed and does not change under different circumstances.

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2
Q

What are relative approaches?

A

They are subjective.what is right or wrong depends on the situation or circumstances.

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3
Q

What does Deontilogical mean?

A

Actions are judged to be morally right or wrong. This is regardless of the outcome.

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4
Q

What does teleological mean?

A

What is morally right or wrong depends on the outcome of an action. If the outcome is good then the action will be justified.

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5
Q

What is legalism?

A

A strict set of prefabricated laws or rules that are absolute in nature and cannot be broken.

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6
Q

What did Joseph Fletcher think about legalism?

A

He didn’t like it:
•it was too restrictive
•it lacked compassion for challenges people faced
•it put laws before people
•it led to immorality by forcing people to obey laws even when it harmed them.

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7
Q

What did Joseph Flecter say about legalism? (Quote)

A

Every decision is pre fabricated rules

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8
Q

What is the opposite of legalism?

A

Antinomianism

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9
Q

What is antinomianism?

A

Literally lawless; the lack of any rules or guidance at all.

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10
Q

What did Joseph Fletcher think about antinomianism?

A

He didn’t like it:
•it was random in it’s approach
•it would lead to moral chaos
•it didn’t protect the vulnerable members of society
•it was inconsistent and unprincipled

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11
Q

What did Joseph Fletcher say about antinomianism? (Quote)

A

It is unprincipled, ad hoc and casual. They are anarchic.

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12
Q

What was Joseph Fletcher’s idea about the middle way?

A

It only has one guiding principle ‐ the application of agape (selfless love). You enter the moral dilemma with ethics, rules and principles of the community or tradition you belong but you are prepared to set aside those rules in the situation if love seems better served by doing so.

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13
Q

What was Joseph Fletcher’s idea about the middle way?

A

It only has one guiding principle ‐ the application of agape (selfless love). You enter the moral dilemma with ethics, rules and principles of the community or tradition you belong but you are prepared to set aside those rules in the situation if love seems better served by doing so.

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14
Q

What are the 4 different greek words to describe love?

A

•Eros
•Philla
•Storge
•Agape

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15
Q

What is Eros? (Love)

A

Romantic love, as you might have this for a lover. It is sometimes confused with lust.

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16
Q

What is Phillios/Philla? (Love)

A

Love for friends, a love you choose that might depend on their behaviour towards you.

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17
Q

What is Storge? (love)

A

Instinctive love, like a parent for a child. A feeling that just comes to you.

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18
Q

What is Agape? (Love)

A

Selfless / unconditional care or concern for others.

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19
Q

What does consequential mean?

A

Moral judgements should be based on the outcome or consequence of an action.

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20
Q

What is existentialism?

A

Rejects pre-existent soul / purpose; instead, we create our own ‘self’.

21
Q

Why did Joseph Fletcher feel that agape love was the best way to make a moral decision?

A

•it does not discriminate against people
•it shows compassion to all people equally
•it is a firm principle upon which to base all behaviour, so avoids the chaos of antinomianism
•it is flexible, showing love to people in different ways, depending on who they are and what their situation is. This avoids the rigidity of legalism.

22
Q

Which of Jesus’ parables shows agape love?

A

The parable of the good samariton.

23
Q

How does the parable of the good samariton show agape love?

A

Even though the samaritons hated the Jews he still chose to help him in a very pragmatic way. This shows us how agape love doesn’t discriminate.

24
Q

Which letter in bible shows agape love?

A

St Paul’s first letter to the corinthians.

25
Q

How does St Paul’s letter to the corinthians show agape love?

A

It describe how agape love should be.

26
Q

What does Joseph Fletcher think is the boss principle?

A

Agape love

27
Q

What are the 4 working principles?

A

•Pragmatism
•Personalism
•Positivism
•Relativism

28
Q

What is Pragmatism?

A

any action must be practically possible in working to serve a loving outcome.

29
Q

What is personalism?

A

The individual person is the priority and love for them is more important than the detail of any law.

30
Q

What is positivism?

A

You cannot prove that love is the most important thing. We must just have faith that it is and then apply our reason afterwards to see how best to be loving.

31
Q

What is relativism?

A

All acts must be relative to a loving outcome. There are no fixed laws that apply universally except for love.

32
Q

What are the six fundamental principles?

A

•only love
•ruling norm
•Justice=love
•neighbourly love
•ends justify the means
•situation

33
Q

What is only love? (fundamental principles)

A

The only intrinsically good thing is love and nothing else.

Love is the only thing in the world that is always good.

34
Q

What is ruling norm? (fundamental principles)

A

Love is the ruling norm of Christians decision making. For a Christian to make a moral decision, they mus assess whether it will produce love before they worry about whether it obeys laws like the 10 commandments.

35
Q

What is justice=love? (Fundamental principles)

A

Love and justice are the same thing. Justice is love shared out fairly.

36
Q

What is neighbourly love? (Fundamental principles)

A

Love your neighbour as yourself.

Even your enemies.

37
Q

What is end justify the means? (fundamental principles)

A

If the outcome is loving, any action at all is permitted.

38
Q

What is situation? (Fundamental principle)

A

Acts should be decided situationally not prescriptively. We look to the situation and decide each individual case, rather than looking to a prefabricated set of rules and trying to make them fit the circumstances.

39
Q

What is a polyamorus relationship?

A

When more than 2 people are willingly in a relationship with each other.

40
Q

How do polyamorus relationships fit to the principle of neighbourly love?

A

This could fit well if all parties manage to apply love to each other and others should not judge.

41
Q

How do polyamorus relationships fit with the principle that love is intrinsically good?

A

Polyamerous could be a celebration of love with so much being distributed. If love isn’t distributed evenly then there could be jealousy.

42
Q

How do polyamorus relationships fit into the principle that the only Christian norm /rule is love?

A

Legalistic Christians would be against polyamory. If agape is the boss principle, love is the only moral absolute.

43
Q

How do polyamorus relationships fit into the principle that the ends justify the means?

A

If everyone in the relationship is loved and happy, the unconventional basis of the relationship doesn’t matter.

44
Q

How do polyamorus relationships fit into the principle that decisions should be made situationaly?

A

Each situation is different so the rules shouldn’t be followed so strictly. In some situations polygamous relationships can be harmful.

45
Q

How do polyamorus relationships fit with the principle that justice=love?

A

Requires practical measures to ensure everyone is treated fairly and respectfully.

46
Q

How do polyamorus relationships fit with the principle of relativism?

A

Each situation is judged on its own merits. Polygamous relationships are each unique so fit well with this idea.

47
Q

How do polyamorus relationships fit with the idea of personalism?

A

As long as the person is happy then the laws aren’t important. However there maybe some jealousy.

48
Q

How do polyamorus relationships fit with the principle of pragmatism?

A

Can be very practical. More childcare, better financially. However there could be jealousy.

49
Q

How do polyamorus relationships fit with the principle of positivism?

A

If it works for you that’s all that matters. Some people may not be happy.

A Level Eduqas Philosophy, Ethics And Religion (4 decks)

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