Ethics

Question 1

Consequence based approach

Answer 1

Which action produces the most benefit to the most people?

The action that leads to the best overall outcome for most people (minimising negative effects) regardless of whether the act is right or wrong.

E.g. Some might argue slavery increased productivity, following this approach the negative effect of enslaving a small percentage of the population is outweighed by the benefit to the rest of society.

Question 1

Duty and/or rules-based approach

Answer 1

Which action follows the rules/duty regardless of the consequences?

People have an obligation to follow rules/laws/moral duties regardless of the consequences.

E.g. If a person is a computer programmer and knows that a bomb is going to be set off that will kill a large number of people, they can choose to hack the system and prevent millions of people from dying. However, this is against the law and a break of professional standards (rules/morals) of computer programmers, therefore if following this approach they cannot hack and stop the bomb.

Question 2

Virtue based approach

Answer 2

Be a good persone who strives to practice virtues and lead a morally good life.

Need to consider the virtues/moral character of the person carrying out the action.

E.g. Batman could have chosen to kill the kokler early in the movie, however he has to decide what kind of person does he want to be.

Question 3

Principle, Integrity

Answer 3

Telling the truth/honest, being trustworty and following through with your actions.

Question 4

Principle, Justice

Answer 4

Equal districution of benefits, risks, costs and resource.

Question 5

Principle, Beneficence (doing good to others)

Answer 5

Aiming to improve others lives through charity, generosity and kindness.

Question 6

Principle, Non-Maleficence (doing no harm)

Answer 6

Avoiding actions/doing things that might lead to harm

Question 7

Principle, Respect

Answer 7

Consider the wellbeing, freedom, independence, values and beliefs of all people