Ethics Flashcards
What is the Tri-Council Policy?
Canadian federal policy on human research ethics.
What is the Tri-Council Policy Statement?
A commitment to the people of Canada to promote ethical conduct of research involving humans.
What are the three parts of the Tri-Council Policy Statement?
Respect]
[Beneficence]
[Justice]
What is Respect?
Respect for autonomy:
*The person is free to choose without interference
* Seek informed, ongoing consent
* Protect those with developing, impaired, or diminished autonomy
* Treatment of a person involved in research
* Either the participant or their biological material
What is Beneficence?
Concern for Welfare
* Minimize risk and maximize benefits
* Give participants enough information to assess risks or benefits with participating
What is Justice?
Justice & Moral Status
* Obligation to treat people fairly and equitably
* Consider that some groups are more vulnerable
* Important considerations for recruitment process
What is at Carleton for human ethics?
Carleton University Research Ethics
Board (CUREB)
What does CUREB do?
Helps researchers at Carleton University.
Who is on CUREB?
Scientists, non-scientists, and community members.
What are the 7 basic criteria of an institutional review board?
- Minimization of risk
- Reasonable risk in relation to benefits
- Equitable selection
- Informed consent
- Documentation of informed consent
- Participant monitoring
- Privacy and confidentiality
What are animals used for?
Research, Testing, Training/Teaching
What animals need approval?
All vertebrates, including fish and Cephalopods (octopus, squid)
How does the regulation of animal ethics work?
- Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC)
- Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA)
- Office of Research Ethics (ORE)
What is at Carleton for animal ethics?
Animal Care Committee
What does the Animal Care Committee (ACC) do?
Review and approve all research using animals.
Who is on the Animal Care Committee (ACC)?
Veterinarian, scientist, public member unaffiliated with the institution, support staff.
Who works with ACC?
Animal care and veterinary services (ACVS)
What does Animal Care and Veterinary Services (ACVS) do?
Provides daily care for animals at Carleton by veterinarians and veterinary technicians and provides training for those around.
What are the 3 r’s?
Refinement/Reduce/Replacement
What is refinement?
Refinement refers to methods that minimize the pain, suffering, distress, or lasting harm that may be experienced by research animals, and which improve their welfare.
What is reduce?
Reduction refers to methods that minimise the number of animals used per experiment or study consistent with the scientific aims.
What is replacement?
Replacement refers to technologies or approaches that directly replace or avoid the use of animals in experiments where they would otherwise have been used.
What are the categories of invasiveness?
A. Experiments on most invertebrates
B. Experiments that cause little or no stress or discomfort
C. Experiments that cause minor stress or pain for short duration
D. Experiments that cause moderate to severe distress and
discomfort
E. Experiments that cause severe pain that is near or above pain tolerance threshold in conscious, unanesthetized animals
What are the 3 levels in Canada for animal ethics?
- National standards and
certification: Canadian Council
on Animal Care (CCAC) - Provincial law: Ontarian
Animals for Research Act (OARA) - Local programs: Animal Care
Committees (ACC) working with
veterinarians and animal care
staff
What does the Ontarian Animals for Research do?
Institutions and all their animal facilities must be registered, there are surprise inspections and requested inspections for new facilities.
All research/post-secondary teaching institutions within Ontario must have an Animal Care Committee
What does the Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) do?
Publishes standards of animal care and use that are to be followed by institutions for them to be certified.
What does the Animal Care Committee do?
-Responsible for overseeing all aspects of animal care and use
-Review, approve and follow up on Animal Use Protocols after the scientific, pedagogical or regulatory merit of using animals has been independently confirmed.
What are the problems with using animals?
1) Artificial - animals do not get some of the diseases humans do, these have to be artificially induced.
2) Variability: There can be variability between sexes and strains of animals and laboratories, and sometimes methodology problems, in addition to species differences.
3) Inconclusive: animal experiments do not provide definitive data about human responses.
4) Expensive and slow
What do Animal Care and Veterinary Services (ACVS) do?
1) They work closely with the ACC and Ethics & Compliance Office
2) They develop Standard Operating Procedures based on guidelines and best practices
