ETHICS

Question 1

• The morality of a human act.
• Concerned with what is good for the people and the society
• Principles for guiding decision making and reconciling conflicting values.

Answer 1

Ethics

Question 2

• Research conducted with people.
• Research conducted about people research dealing in their data or issue.

Answer 2

Human Research

Question 3

a systematic investigation designed to discover or contribute to a body of knowledge.

Answer 3

research

Question 4

• a living individual about whom a researcher obtains either
• (1) data through intervention or interaction with the individual or
• (2) identifiable private information

Answer 4

Research Participant

Question 5

True or False

When research involves human participants, the researcher is llegally and ethically obligated to protect the participants.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Provides researchers with ethical principles or guidelines for the successful conduct of research

Answer 6

Ethics in Research

Question 7

-“rightness” or “wrongness” of a human act
- the morality of a human act

Answer 7

ethics

Question 8

-provides guidelines for the responsible conduct of research
- allows researchers and scholars to further educate themselves and monitor their activities in the conduct of research
-ensure a HIGH ethical standard

Answer 8

research ethics

Question 9

True or False

-The researcher must ensure that research subjects are not placed in harm’s way
- The researcher must be reminded that they have the moral obligation to provide maximum benefits to the participants

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Why is Research Ethics Important?

Answer 10

• It has become the norm as an expectation for research activity.
• A professional requirement for practitioners in some disciplines.
• A requirement for access to participants in other
• A requirement to comply with
  external REF’s obtain funding.

Question 11

Enumerate the Ethical Principles that Guide Research

Answer 11

• Honesty
• Objectivity
• Confidentiality
• Competence
• Integrity
• Legality
• Maturity and Openness
• Respect for Intellectual Property
• Responsible publication
• Social responsendbility

Question 12

-Researchers ought to honestly report data and results of the study, including the methods and procedures employed in data-gathering as well as publication status.

• Researchers should NOT falsify, fabricate, and misrepresent data and results

Answer 12

Honesty

Question 13

• Researchers should strive to avoid all forms of bias in research such as bias in experimental design, data analysis and interpretation, peer-review process, grant writing, and other facets of research
  -Researchers should uphold objectivity and scientific rigor at all times.

Answer 13

Objectivity

Question 14

• Researchers should always uphold the principle of confidentiality.
• One way of effectively doing this is to protect confidential communications, such as papers or grant submitted for publications, patient records

Answer 14

Confidentiality

Question 15

• Researchers are supposed to be knowledgeable and experts in their own discipline or field of specialization.
• Researchers ought to take steps to promote competence in science.
  -Researchers ought to maintain and improve their professional competence and expertise through life-long education and learning.

Answer 15

Competence

Question 15

-Researchers ought to keep their promises and honor agreements, such as agreements with donors and research participants.
-Researchers need to strive for consistency in thought and action.

Answer 15

Integrity

Question 16

-Research always has a legal dimension.
-Researchers ought to obey laws and relevant institutional and governmental policies

Answer 16

Legality

Question 17

-Knowledge is supposed to be free.
-Researchers must willingly share data. results, ideas, and resources.
-They must be open to constructive criticisms and new ideas.

Answer 17

Maturity and Openness

Question 18

• Researchers ought to honor copyrights, patents, and other forms of intellectual property.
• Researchers should not use methods, data, and results owned by other researchers or scholars without permission or proper acknowledgment.
• Researchers should avoid plagiarism at all times

Answer 18

Respect for Intellectual Property

Question 19

-Researchers need to publish in order to advance knowledge and scholarships and not just to advance one’s own career
-Researchers also need to avoid wasteful publication, such as publishing in predatory journals, and duplicative publication

Answer 19

Responsible Publication

Question 20

-Researchers should conduct research not only for the advancement of their career but for the good of society as a whole
-Researchers should strive to promote social good and mitigate social harms.

Answer 20

Social Responsibility

Question 21

When does research require protection of human subjects?

Answer 21

• Any study intended to result in publication or public presentation, including classroom projects
• Any activity involving humans as research participants must provide for the safety, health, and welfare of every individual. Right, including the right to privacy, must not be infringed

Question 22

Enumerate the Ethical principles respect for persons

Answer 22

-Respect for autonomy and protection of persons with diminished autonomy.
-Covers privacy and confidentiality
- Premised on the presumed capacity of a person to determine his/her moral destiny.
- The principle of respect for persons divide into two separate moral requirement to acknowledge autonomy and the requirement to protect those with diminished autonomy.
- To conduct a research project when some of the capacity to make a decision is a violation of research ethics and basic human rights.
- The consent form documents the process but does not substitute for the consent discussion.
- The purpose makes participant familiar with the details of procedures or treatment requirements
- To consent form documents the process but does not substitute for the consent discussion.