ETHICS Flashcards
- The morality of a human act.
- Concerned with what is good for the people and the society
- Principles for guiding decision making and reconciling conflicting values.
Ethics
- Research conducted with people.
- Research conducted about people research dealing in their data or issue.
Human Research
a systematic investigation designed to discover or contribute to a body of knowledge.
research
- a living individual about whom a researcher obtains either
- (1) data through intervention or interaction with the individual or
- (2) identifiable private information
Research Participant
True or False
When research involves human participants, the researcher is llegally and ethically obligated to protect the participants.
True
Provides researchers with ethical principles or guidelines for the successful conduct of research
Ethics in Research
-“rightness” or “wrongness” of a human act
- the morality of a human act
ethics
-provides guidelines for the responsible conduct of research
- allows researchers and scholars to further educate themselves and monitor their activities in the conduct of research
-ensure a HIGH ethical standard
research ethics
True or False
-The researcher must ensure that research subjects are not placed in harm’s way
- The researcher must be reminded that they have the moral obligation to provide maximum benefits to the participants
True
Why is Research Ethics Important?
- It has become the norm as an expectation for research activity.
- A professional requirement for practitioners in some disciplines.
- A requirement for access to participants in other
- A requirement to comply with
external REF’s obtain funding.
Enumerate the Ethical Principles that Guide Research
- Honesty
- Objectivity
- Confidentiality
- Competence
- Integrity
- Legality
- Maturity and Openness
- Respect for Intellectual Property
- Responsible publication
- Social responsendbility
-Researchers ought to honestly report data and results of the study, including the methods and procedures employed in data-gathering as well as publication status.
- Researchers should NOT falsify, fabricate, and misrepresent data and results
Honesty
- Researchers should strive to avoid all forms of bias in research such as bias in experimental design, data analysis and interpretation, peer-review process, grant writing, and other facets of research
-Researchers should uphold objectivity and scientific rigor at all times.
Objectivity
- Researchers should always uphold the principle of confidentiality.
- One way of effectively doing this is to protect confidential communications, such as papers or grant submitted for publications, patient records
Confidentiality
- Researchers are supposed to be knowledgeable and experts in their own discipline or field of specialization.
- Researchers ought to take steps to promote competence in science.
-Researchers ought to maintain and improve their professional competence and expertise through life-long education and learning.
Competence
-Researchers ought to keep their promises and honor agreements, such as agreements with donors and research participants.
-Researchers need to strive for consistency in thought and action.
Integrity
-Research always has a legal dimension.
-Researchers ought to obey laws and relevant institutional and governmental policies
Legality
-Knowledge is supposed to be free.
-Researchers must willingly share data. results, ideas, and resources.
-They must be open to constructive criticisms and new ideas.
Maturity and Openness
- Researchers ought to honor copyrights, patents, and other forms of intellectual property.
- Researchers should not use methods, data, and results owned by other researchers or scholars without permission or proper acknowledgment.
- Researchers should avoid plagiarism at all times
Respect for Intellectual Property
-Researchers need to publish in order to advance knowledge and scholarships and not just to advance one’s own career
-Researchers also need to avoid wasteful publication, such as publishing in predatory journals, and duplicative publication
Responsible Publication
-Researchers should conduct research not only for the advancement of their career but for the good of society as a whole
-Researchers should strive to promote social good and mitigate social harms.
Social Responsibility
When does research require protection of human subjects?
- Any study intended to result in publication or public presentation, including classroom projects
- Any activity involving humans as research participants must provide for the safety, health, and welfare of every individual. Right, including the right to privacy, must not be infringed
Enumerate the Ethical principles respect for persons
-Respect for autonomy and protection of persons with diminished autonomy.
-Covers privacy and confidentiality
- Premised on the presumed capacity of a person to determine his/her moral destiny.
- The principle of respect for persons divide into two separate moral requirement to acknowledge autonomy and the requirement to protect those with diminished autonomy.
- To conduct a research project when some of the capacity to make a decision is a violation of research ethics and basic human rights.
- The consent form documents the process but does not substitute for the consent discussion.
- The purpose makes participant familiar with the details of procedures or treatment requirements
- To consent form documents the process but does not substitute for the consent discussion.
