Ethics

Question 1

What is ‘Duty to Protect’?

Answer 1

refers to protecting the community. First obligation is to protect the community

Question 2

Q: you get a subpoena from court: What do you do
1. Tell the client to try to mediate with husband so I don’t have to include notes in subpoena
1.2. Include divorce notes in subpoena but not anything else
1.3. Tell client I must release all the information I have
1.4. Talk to an expert about advice about what to release
1.5. Tell client to talk to court about her concerns

Answer 2

3. Tell client I must release all the information I have

Question 3

You treated someone 2 years ago and they were depressed and suicidal. You treated them 6 sessions. Client test results back to normal, not suicidal anymore and discharged. 1 year has passed. Get a call from an employer wanting report about client going for job but client doesn’t know they are calling. Do you:
1. call client to inform them of employer request
2. tell employer you can’t say anything and to contact client directly
3. contact client about breach of privacy
4. send employer consent form
5. arrange session with client to see how he’s going.

Answer 3

2. tell employer you can’t say anything and to contact client directly

Question 4

Having peer supervision and having lunch with a number of colleagues from different professions. NDIS group practice. Principal / director / consultant / guru / specialist psychologist. Having meeting with multidisciplinary meeting. One colleague starts to discuss case they want to refer to you about emotional reg strategies with 4 yr old non verbal. Do you:
1. Ask colleague to talk to practice manage to triage client
2. Ask colleague for written referral once back at work
3. Ask colleague to get referral from GP
4. Thanks for referral and start discussing after lunch in the restaurant
5. Tell colleague will discuss back at office due to confidentiality reasons.

Answer 4

5. Tell colleague will discuss back at office due to confidentiality reasons.

Question 5

You are seeing someone with gambling issue. Struggling to take care of son. Mother trying to help with care. You have some concerns with mum and sometimes she struggles to take care of the child. What are the limits of confidentiality.

1. No limits to confidentiality
2. You have an obligation to protect this child that will override client treatment
3. Need to report mother to child protection
4. Confidentiality needs client consent
5. Too hard and need to move to Bahamas.

Answer 5

2. You have an obligation to protect this child that will override client treatment

Question 6

What are the APS cope of ethics principles?

Answer 6

A. Respect for the rights and dignity of people
B. Propriety (competence / protect people)
C. Integrity

Question 7

What is the ethical decision making model

Answer 7

a systematic way of arriving at an ethical decision that supports the best interest of the client

Question 8

What are the steps in the ethical decision making model?

Answer 8

1. Are my individual characteristics, or perceptions of the client interfering with an objective evaluation of the situation?
   2.Are there any legal obligations? (They usually must be complied with, trying to take are of wellbeing of clients and ethical obligations as much as possible)
2. Is there clear and non conflicting advice in the Code of Ethics?
3. Seek advice form experts, senior psychologists and the literature (this is usually the answer wanted)
4. Consider potential actions and outcomes
5. Consider previous decisions to the one in progress
6. Evaluate options and act
7. Review the decision made

Question 9

WHAT DO WE DO IF CLIENT PRESENTS WITH COMPLEX ISSUES
AND WE DON’T HAVE TRAINING IN THAT AREA?

Answer 9

IF RURAL (and nobody with the knowledge and skills nearby)
you can see them with some conditions
IF URBAN refer!!!

Question 10

Confidentiality:
What 3 circumstances apply to psychologists breaking confidentiality?

Answer 10

1. having consent from client or legal authority to act on behalf of client (ie parent)
2. Where there is a legal obligation (supeana)
3. when consulting colleagues / in supervision (need to conceal identity of clients and obtains clients consent

Question 11

Working with Multiple Clients
´Psychologists who agree to provide psychological
services to an individual, group of people, or
organisation at the request of a third party, at the
outset explain to all parties concerned 5 things. what are they?

Answer 11

(a) the nature of the RELATIONSHIP with each of them;
(b) the psychologist’s ROLE(such as, but not limited to,
case manager, consultant, counsellor, expert witness,
facilitator, therapist);
(c) the probable USES of the INFORMATION obtained;
(d) the limits to CONFIDENTIALITY; and
(e) the FINANCIAL arrangements relating to the
provision of the service where relevant

Question 12

What is informed consent?

Answer 12

Psychologists ensure consent is informed by:
´ (a) explaining the nature and purpose of the procedures they
intend to use;
´ (b) clarifying the reasonably foreseeable risks, adverse effects,
and possible disadvantages of the procedures they intend
using;
´ (c) explaining how information will be collected and
recorded;
´ (d) explaining how, where, and for how long, information will
be stored, and who will have access to the stored information;
´ (e) advising clients that they may participate, may decline to
participate, or may withdraw from methods or procedures
proposed to them;
´ (g) clarifying the frequency, expected duration, financial and
administrative basis of any psychological services that will be
provided;
´ (h) explaining confidentiality and limits to confidentiality

Question 13

Who is the client when working with a child 0-8 years?

Answer 13

the parent is the client in relation to the
psychological service. All rights and responsibilities lie with the parent.
Parent consents and psychologist owes their obligations (e.g.
confidentiality) to parent. Psychologist still explains to young child what is
going to happen and get some consent from child.

Question 14

Who is the client when working with a child 8-14 years

Answer 14

This is more complex
The parent is still the client in the therapeutic setting
Psych and parent need to have agreement regarding confidentiality for relationship with child

Question 15

What is the situation with confidentiality and consent when working with mature minors 14+

Answer 15

psychologist needs to consider if young person
is capable of making their own decisions or if
legal guardian is still needed to consent to the
service provision.
´ It would be an unusual situation where anyone
under the age of 14 could be considered a
mature minor and more likely that those aged
over 16 are considered mature enough to make
their own decisions (APS 2011).
´ The complexity of the presenting issue and the
client’s decision-making that led to this situation
may give the psychologist key information
about the client’s maturity.

Question 16

You are seeing someone with gambling issue. Struggling to take care of son. Mother trying to help with care. You have some concerns with mum and sometimes she struggles to take care of the child. What are the limits of confidentiality.
1. No limits to confidentiality
2. You have an obligation to protect this child that will override client treatment
3. Need to report mother to child protection
4. Confidentiality needs client consent
5. Too hard and need to move to Bahamas.

Answer 16

2. You have an obligation to protect this child that will override client treatment

Question 17

You’re a supervisor and walk into room in community centre and one supervisee has left client notes in staff room. They are prov psych. What do you do?
1. Call meeting with all psychs in team and blast them
2. Call board and report supervisee
3. Move notes into cabinet and don’t mention anything to prov psych
4. Call supervisee and have discussion about confidentiality
5. Call uni to report psych behaviour

Answer 17

4. Call supervisee and have discussion about confidentiality

Question 18

Seeing client through EAP scheme and manager call to discuss some issues that are happening with client. What can you disclose to manager:
1. Disclose the Number of sessions your seen client for
2. Whether they are making progress
3. Can’t disclose anything
4. Send employer consent form
5. Organise meeting between client and employer

Answer 18

3. Can’t disclose anything

Question 19

What do you disclose to insurers / workcover about client you are seeing for workcover?

Answer 19

only allowed to tell how many sessions, what goals are, what capacity is now compared to where they started, what is the progress.

Question 20

What do you include in treating psycholgists report?

Answer 20

don’t ever include your opinion. Just symptoms, treatment plan assessment score results etc. only include factual information!!! THIS WILL BE ASKED IN THE EXAM

Question 21

Having peer supervision with friend and friend tells you they have continued seeing person that they started with EAP for several months after they successfully completed treatment goals with EAP. Client wanted to keep seeing for other issues
What is the most important ethical issue to discuss here?
1. Whether client presentation allow for client to get mental health plan
2. Can client get reimbursement from EAP for these sessions
3. Are you fostering clients dependence and / or counter transference issues
4. Consider all ethical issues
5. Whether you are using strategies that are going to lead to successful treatment and terminations.

Answer 21

4. Consider all ethical issues

Question 22

When do muliple relationships occur? (4)

Answer 22

Multiple relationships occur when a psychologist, rendering a psychological service
to a client, also is or has been:
a) in a non-professional relationship with the same client;
b) in a different professional relationship with the same client
c) in a non-professional relationship with an associated party; or
d) a recipient of a service provided by the same client. (APS 2008a, p. 98)

Question 23

Is it ok to provide psych services to family or friends.

Answer 23

It is only in the absence of other feasible options and when harm is imminent if action is not taken, that psychologists provide a psychological service to family or friends’ (p. 95)

Question 24

You are seeing a 13 yr old who is bullied at school. She feels pressured by her peers to have sex with a boy she knows who is 15. She feels stuck and alone. She is starting to get abusive messages from peers. She doesn’t know how to make things better. Also, a friend of hers is self-harming and she sometimes feels like doing the same thing. She doesn’t want you telling her parents.

1. Do a risk assessment and refer the young person to lifeline.
2. Do a risk assessment and refer to the Kids Helpline.
3. Do a risk assessment and get her consent to contact her school.
4. Do a risk assessment and tell her you must talk to her parents.
5. Do a risk assessment and get consent to talk to her teacher

Answer 24

4. Do a risk assessment and tell her you must talk to her parents.

Rationale: A 14 yr old at risk is not considered to be a mature minor.

Question 25

A client comes to your practice. They say they have lost hope, there is no point in living anymore. They have a plan to suicide but won’t tell you what it is. What actions should you include (3)

Answer 25

1. Don’t leave the client. Don’t allow them to leave without calling 000. Provide their name, phone #, address, they are suicidal. Ask them to do a welfare check.
2. If the client leaves then call 000.
3. It’s not enough to do a risk assessment.
   If client gets angry with you and leaves you then call 000 but only if there is an immediate risk of harm. The psychologist should also follow-up the next day.

Question 26

Student presents to the university counselling service where you are a counsellor. He tells you that his girlfriend has left him. He doesn’t see the point of living anymore. You do a suicide risk assessment, and his risk is high. You tell him to go to the hospital, but he says he’s fine. He says he’d rather go home and have a rest. What do you do?
1. Let him go home to rest.
2. You take him to the Emergency Dept yourself. (Never do this - rather call an ambulance.)
3. Talk to a senior psych and discuss the next steps with this student.
4. Call the parents and let them know.
5. Call his girlfriend and explain the situation. Ask her to come in a d have a session.

Answer 26

3. Talk to a senior psych and discuss the next steps with this student.
   Rationale: If they give you the option to consult with a senior psych then go that for a complicated question.

Question 27

Duty of care with suicidal client
You work in a private practice. A client texts you at 10pm on a Sunday night and says, ‘Thank you for helping me but I’m about to kill myself.’ What do you do?
1. ____________?
2. Make it clear to the client that I am not emergency service and ask what time they can call me to prevent this?
3. Call 000.
4. Go to Bahamas.
5. Go to client’s place and make sure they are ok.

Answer 27

3. Call 000.

Rationale: As a health professional we have an obligation to do something to prevent the person suiciding. If the risk is high, we need to act sooner.

Question 28

Client who has access to weapons
Your client who lives on a farm is depressed. He has access to weapons (with a licence). What do you need to do?
1. Report to the police.
2. Do a risk assessment. If the risk is high, then report.
3. Wait for signs of suicidality then report.
4. Do nothing.
5. Talk to his wife and ask her to keep the weapons in a locked cabinet.

Answer 28

2. Do a risk assessment. If the risk is high, then report.
   (The fact that he has weapons is not enough to report him.)

Question 29

You are working with a client who has disclosed his anger with his case (insurance) manager who shares this with you. The client has access to weapons and has said he will hurt her. The threat is specific.
1. Mediation re the violent threats.
2. Respect the insurance manager’s decision to tell no-one.
3. Tell him you need to talk to her organisation and do a report.
4. Tell her to move to another location.
5. Work with your client to teach him non-violent ways of communicating.

Answer 29

3. Tell him you need to talk to her organisation and do a report.

Rationale: If someone tells you they will blow up something then if you think there is a real threat you need to protect the community.

Question 30

What are the three reasons for filing mandatory reports with AHPRA re other professionals

Answer 30

1. Inappropriate relationships with clients, including sexual misconduct or gross boundary violations (e.g., taking clients out to a nightclub, or for coffee)
2. Working with clients while impaired (e.g., drugs and alcohol, or psychological problems)
3. Working outside of the realm of accepted psychological practices (this is a grey area because this guideline applies to people working outside of the evidence base).

Question 31

What are the legal requirements for mandatory reporting for older people and vulnerable groups

Answer 31

There are no legal requirments. Mandatory reporting relates to children. However there is ethical obligations to report.

Question 32

You see a son and his elderly father whos 82 and son tells you he’s concerned about dad and he’s not functioning well. Concerned and wants you to do cog assess. Father says he’s doing fine and assessment shows no difficulties.
1. Concerned about elderly abuse
2. Recommend further assessment
3. Father should listen to son and do what son wants him to do
4. Can’t see any neuro cog difficulties and father can make decisions for himself
5. Condo in Bahamas

Answer 32

4. Can’t see any neuro cog difficulties and father can make decisions for himself

Most of the time the answer is in the question. If they want you to think of elder abuse they will mention something about bruises / changes in behaviour etc.

Question 33

How long do you keep client records for adults and children

Answer 33

7 years for adults
Children: 7 years after they turn 18 yrs

Question 34

What do you do if a client asks you to change your notes

Answer 34

you would add something in your notes that the client has asked you to change / alter as client says it’s a mistake. Need to sign and date it.

Question 35

Client comes to you and they are well known and wants you to keep notes / records confidential and not use a name - instead use a pseudonym. What do you do?
1. tell them Yes
2. Tell them can not do this but files are protected/confidential
3. Go and find someone else cause you can’t treat them
4. You write notes and client keep them
5. Send them to colleague of mine who accepts people who wants to use pseudo names in files

Answer 35

2. Tell them can not do this but files are protected/confidential

AHPRA does not agree with pseudonyms and anonymous - APS says you can but go with AHPRA.

Question 36

Who owns client records if you are employed and if you are contracted?

Answer 36

You own if contracted.
Employer owns if employed

Question 37

Why do you have to keep records in multi-disc settings that can be shared with other health professionals. What is the main reason?
1. it is a legal requirement
2. otherwise ahpra will get angry with you
3. ensures continuality of care and treatment planning
4. makes sure psychs are accountable for tp
5. requirement of org.

Answer 37

3. ensures continuality of care and treatment planning

there may be other reasons, like it is a legal requirement, but the answer is always about what’s best for the client. Legal requirement is not always the best answer. It’s about the client’s best interest.

Question 38

Seen client 6 years ago and about 1 year later client comes back and wants to access records
1. give her records to take home because they are hers
2. get reception to book a session to see how she’s going
3. book a session to discuss records (this is not ok by the board ahpra - they wouldn’t want you to charge to allow someone to see the records)
4. organise a time to come see records but not take them
5. don’t answer her request as just too hard.

Answer 38

4. organise a time to come see records but not take them

Question 39

How do you conduct an involuntary admission

Answer 39

An ambulance can assess and take to hospital.
a psychiatrist must be present

Question 40

You see an elderly lady within a home. She has bruises and the nurses explained that she has suddenly stopped wanting to see her relative whom she used to visit regularly. When asked about the bruises she said they came from being hit when a door was shutting. What do you do?
1. Consider whether elder abuse may be occurring.
2. Send lady to an OT for movement and special awareness therapy.
3. Consider how reliable the nurses and their story are?
4.Consider whether this lady may be dementing

Answer 40

. 1. Consider whether elder abuse may be occurring.

Rationale: There appears to be sufficient evidence of abuse for you to consider reporting.

Question 41

You decide to leave the practice you have been working at. The owner of a practice tells you that you can’t take the records you have made with you, however you own the records. This applies even if you are a contractor, and the notes are stored on the private’s practice management system. You cannot keep sensitive information in any system that is able to be accessed by other non-psych people.
Why do you have to keep records in a multidisciplinary practice setting that can be shared with other professionals who are also caring for your client? What is the main reason?
1. It’s a legal requirement.
2. Otherwise AHPRA will get angry with you.
3. Ensures continuity of care and helps with planning treatment for this patient.
4. It makes sure psychologists are accountable for treatment plans.
5. It’s a requirement of the organisation.

Answer 41

3. Ensures continuity of care and helps with planning treatment for this patient.

Question 42

Why would you send a letter to a neurologist?
1. To maintain a relationship with the neurologist.
2. It’s a legal requirement of AHPRA.
3. If would help the client if you and the neurologist communicated.

Answer 42

3. If would help the client if you and the neurologist communicated.

When asked what the main reason is, the answer is always about it being the best way to look after the client.

Question 43

You have seen client for 6 sessions and discussed work issues. A year later she comes back and wants to access her case notes. What do you do.
1. Give her the records to take home because they are hers.
2. Get your secretary to book a session with her and you, so you can see why she wants them.
3. Book client in for a session so she can see the records and discuss them.
4. You organise a time for her to come and see the records in the presence of someone but not take them away.
5. You ignore her request - it is too hard.
Rationale: Booking a session would potentially be financial exploitation if she has not asked to see you. Legally private practitioners are not bound by FOI laws however ethically you are bound to allow clients to access records that are made about them.

Answer 43

4. You organise a time for her to come and see the records in the presence of someone but not take them away.

Rationale: Booking a session would potentially be financial exploitation if she has not asked to see you. Legally private practitioners are not bound by FOI laws however ethically you are bound to allow clients to access records that are made about them.

Question 44

What happens to client records if a psychologist dies?

Answer 44

APS recommends that psychs have a PCP (practice contingency plan) in case they die. There should be a person nominated to do this. In the event this does not occur the APS has a service available to do this.

Question 45

You are seeing a client who is a painter. The guy tells you he saw your colleague who gave him free sessions because he bartered his professional services for yours. What is your main concern?
1. The risk of financial exploitation.
2. Whether you really need his services
3. If the value of what he offers is the same as your sessions.
4. Whether there are other things you could barter with him.
5. Tell him you won’t be able to see him because you don’t need any painting done at the moment.

Answer 45

1. The risk of financial exploitation.

Question 46

Similar to the above scenario, your colleague recommends this guy to you as he was providing his painting services to her. What is the best course of action?
1. Decide whether you want to do some painting at your house.
2. Discuss with him the possibility of financial exploitation.
3. Discuss with your colleague your concerns about using bartering due to financial exploitation.
4. Take him on because you need painting done.
5. Refer his to someone else because you don’t need his services at the moment.

Answer 46

3. Discuss with your colleague your concerns about using bartering due to financial exploitation.

Rationale: This is discouraged but not a reportable offence. Always talk to the other professional first rather than the client unless it is a reportable offence.
Clients who want to give you a gift: Clients giving gifts is discouraged but the issue is whether the gift could become financial exploitation or not.

Question 47

You are seeing a lady through M/care. She’s had 5 sessions with you so far with 5 more to go to make the 10 sessions available. She calls you and tells you that she won’t be able to see you anymore because her husband lost his Job. She’s not working, and cannot afford your services. What’s the best course of action in this case?
What is the best course of action?
1. Refer her to someone who bulk bills.
2. Send a letter to GP saying the client failed to finish her course of treatment.
3. Organise for her to owe you the money oncer her husband gets a job again.
4. Find out from GP whether they know any services that she can go to who provide pro bono services.
5. Arrange to see her at a reduced rate that she can afford until she has finished treatment

Answer 47

5. Arrange to see her at a reduced rate that she can afford until she has finished treatment.

Rationale: Your duty of care towards the client is of paramount importance. The ethical thing to do is to reduce your fee so they can complete their treatment. AHPRA will not enforce thus as it is a private financial agreement.
If client comes to you with the expectation that you will bulk bill, you can clarify their understanding before starting provision of the service.

Question 48

Why do CPD?

Answer 48

In any questions about why we do CPD, remember… it’s a requirement, however, that’s not the main reason we do it.

The main reason is so we can maintain competence to provide the best evidence-based services to clients.

Question 49

For peer supervision you meet with a group of 4 psychs. In one peer session you present a case to the group for 20 mins. This is followed by 40 mins of discussion. How much time do you count as CPD? How much time do your colleagues count as CPD?
1. Count 20 mins of peer supervision; your colleagues count 40 mins of peer supervision.
2. You count 60 mins of peer supervision; your colleagues count 60 mins of CPD.
3. You count 40 mins of peer supervision; your colleagues count 60 mins of PD.
4. All of you count 60 mins of peer supervision.
5. You count 60 mins of PD; your colleagues count 60 mins of supervision.
6. You count 20 mins CPD; your colleagues count 40 mins PD

Answer 49

2. You count 60 mins of peer supervision; your colleagues count 60 mins of CPD.

Rationale: You can count peer supervision (up to 10 hrs) only when you are presenting your own case or dilemma (etc) and discussing it with peers. However, for the rest of the group it is counted as PD. When you are hearing and discussing other people’s cases it is counted as your PD. Use the words ‘receiving’ peer supervision and ‘providing’ peer supervision to differentiate.

Question 50

What is a mandatory notification and what do you need to be able to make one?

Answer 50

Mandatory notifications are notifications to AHPRA about another allied professional.

We require a ‘reasonable belief’ but not proof to report another practitioner. Getting the proof is AHPRA’s job.
One criterion for mandatory notification concerns the use of “significant departures from professional standard of practice”

Question 51

A client tells you they saw a psych before you and that person made sexual advances towards them. You encourage the client to report but the client says no, as they feel ashamed and embarrassed.
1. Obtain client’s consent to talk to the therapist to verify the report.
2. Encourage the client to make a report to police for sex harassment.
3. Contact AHPRA re mandatory report.
4. Accept the client’s reluctance to report and focus on their treatment.
5. Make enquiries to colleagues to see if they have heard similar reports about this practitioner.

Answer 51

3. Contact AHPRA re mandatory notification

Rationale: Making sexual advances is not illegal so the police won’t be interested. If someone makes sexual advances to a client, the first step is to encourage the client to make a report. You would help them do this. However, if they won’t report then you must do it.

Question 52

You do an after-hours peer supervision session. A colleague attends the peer supervision intoxicated. She tells you she usually drinks alcohol during supervision.
1. Make a mandatory notification to AHPRA.
2. You talk to the group to arrange a change of supervision time and find a time that’s within business hours.
3. Discuss with the colleague other ways to assist with their self-care.
4. Contact the colleague next day to see if their work is affected by alcohol.
5. You contact their clients to see if your colleague’s work is being affected by the alcohol.
6. You plan with other colleagues to do alcohol-free supervisor sessions

Answer 52

3. Discuss with the colleague other ways to assist with their self-care.

Rationale: In this situation you only need to take a preliminary step. If the colleague’s work isn’t affected, you don’t need to make a MN. Only do a MN if you have evidence the person’s work is affecting their clients and becomes a competency issue. Changing supervision to within business hours would not help your friend with their alcohol problem.

Question 53

In a group practice you have learn that a colleague has been diagnosed with a brain tumour. You believe it may be affecting their cognitive functioning and can see they have changed. However, your colleague still wants to continue working up until their surgery.
1. Ask colleague if they need any help.
2. Talk to colleague about whether they need to make a professional will in case they die and what plan the practice has for when they are receiving care.
3. Discuss plans for the practice while they are receiving treatment in their absence.
4. Notify AHPRA.
5. Notify colleagues insurer to notify them because the colleague has not done this

Answer 53

4. Notify AHPRA.

Question 54

You are doing an assessment for a client who has chronic pain and depression. They tell you they have had treatment with another psych for 3 years and that psych sold them naturopathic products during the treatment.
1. Discuss whether the medication was beneficial.
2. Report this to AHPRA.
3. Discuss the evidence for those interventions with the client.
4. Obtain the client’s consent to talk to that psych.
5. Do some research on the evidence concerning the benefits of those medications before doing anything else

Answer 54

2. Report this to AHPRA.

Rationale: This would be a multiple relationship if clinician were a homeopathic therapist and a psychologist. You hearing this story only need to form a reasonable belief that some factor is affecting that psych’s work to do a MN.

Question 55

Questions on hypnosis in the exam will fall under what category?

Answer 55

Ethics

Question 56

You are doing a presentation to Rotary. The organiser finds out you are an expert in hypnosis and asks you to do a demo to the audience.
1. Make sure the demo you do is professional and not just for entertainment.
2. Inform the audience about the risks before requesting a volunteer.
3. Refuse, as they as not paying you.
4. Select an audience member beforehand and brief them.
5. Refuse to do a demo in public because it’s not professional or ethical.

Answer 56

5. Refuse to do a demo in public because it’s not professional or ethical.

Rationale: We do not do demos to non-psychologists. Even with professionals it must involve client consent.

Question 57

Q – new psych, client identifies as trans, bullied at school (now 20s), difficulties at home, was recently assaulted out one night, no experience or training with trans/cPTSD, what do you do?
a) Training and supervision
b) Study everything you can
c) Refer onward
d) Tell them you have no experience but will get supervision
e) Refer to colleague who is also new

Answer 57

c) Refer onward

Question 58

Q - Working with multiple clients: Seeing a couple but only one person wants the notes
1. Verbal consent from one member and send
2. Get verbal consent from other member and talk to other psychologist and get request from psychologist
3. Get written consent from both members and written request from new psychologist
4. Written consent from both members and oral request from new psychologist
5. Give new psychologist the couples notes

Answer 58

3. Get written consent from both members and written request from new psychologist

Answer
*Board would want most conservative, protective of the public, protective of the psychologist, the one we think is possibly ‘overkill’, that is what the board wants
Do not think like a busy clinician, think like the board

Question 59

Q – what is the most important thing that you need to include in the consent form
1. How many times have you treated the client and the success rate
2. How important it is for the client to do their homework
3. Not going to treat them if don’t do the things they ask the to do
4. Include any possible negative effects that the treatment could have

Answer 59

4. Include any possible negative effects that the treatment could have

See client and do initial consent, assessment process, as do diagnosis and formulation you decide to apply a specific approach to treating the client. What do you need to include in the new consent?
1. Any negative effects, any possible negative side effects of treatment

Question 60

Family comes in for therapy. Parents concerned about 12 y/o who is shoplifting. You are their family therapist. Who is the client?
1. 12 year old
2. The family
3. 12 y/o and parents
4. Parents
5. The parents and the other sibling

Answer 60

2. The family

 Need consent from everyone who can give consent in that family. 8 y/o can’t consent so parents would need to give consent on that child’s behalf.

Question 61

‘if you turn up to join a new soccer team and your client is on the team, what do you do?’

Answer 61

 Leave and go find another team

Question 62

up do what age do parents have all rights and responsibilities

Answer 62

Up to age 8

Question 63

You are working with a 15 y/o who tells you they are thinking about climbing onto the school roof and jumping off. They are going to leave the room and tell you they are ‘so fed up with everything and this school’ and that they are going to jump off the roof today or tomorrow. What should you do?
1. Call the Police
2. Call an ambulance.
3. Validate the client’s concerns and draw up a no-suicide contract and arrange to meet see them next week.
4. Let the young person know you need to notify their parents.
5. Let the young person know you need to notify the principal.

Answer 63

5. Let the young person know you need to notify the principal.

If you’re a school psych, your first point of call is to contact the principal - they’re the person responsible for the wellbeing of the school’s community. Imagine how the principal would respond if emergency services turned up or a panicked parent called them without them knowing what is going on. The principal will then contact emergency services/ parents etc as required.

Question 64

You are a school psychologist, 15 y/o client has joined gang that targets people of different ethnic groups – they beat them up. Client has stated they have not joined in yet. What should you do?
1. Provide therapy in Emotion Regulation.
2. Discuss the possibility of running cultural sensitivity education programme.
3. Tell the client you need to let the principal know.
4. Work with the client to understand the reasons for wanting to join the group.
5. Tell the client you must notify the police.

Answer 64

3. Tell the client you need to let the principal know.

Question 65

Client tells you they have lost hope they have decided how they will suicide but won’t tell you how – ‘thanks for everything you have done but there’s no point going on and I’m going to do it’. What do you do if the client leaves your room and the practice?

Answer 65

 Ring 000
 You cannot let the client leave your room (if they are suicidal) without calling 000
 Let them know the name, phone number, address, and the client was suicidal and they didn’t want to stay with you and the police need to do a welfare check
 Not enough to do risk assessment – need to make sure someone follows up

Question 66

What if client is not actively suicidal but have suicidal history and they leave the room in a huff with you?

Answer 66

 You do not call 000 because risk is not immediate.
 Need to do follow-up call the next day to see if client is OK and whether they want to rebook.
 We do have a duty to follow-up

Question 67

Sophie is an enrolled nurse who often works at a hospital with Brett, a registered nurse. Sophie thinks
Brett is a good nurse who cares about his patients and often helps Sophie with practice decisions.
Sophie knows firsthand that Brett drinks at the local pub quite a lot after shifts, but recently she has smelt
alcohol on Brett’s breath when he begins his shifts. Brett seems slower when making rounds and pays
less attention to Sophie and the other enrolled nurses under his supervision. On a recent shift, Sophie
heard Brett slurring his speech and looking unsteady on his feet, before finding him asleep in a chair in an
unoccupied patient room.
Sophie is unsure if she is required to make a mandatory report about Brett.

Answer 67

Fact: Before making a mandatory notification, you must form a ‘reasonable belief’. To do so, you generally need direct knowledge (not just a suspicion) of the incident or behaviour that led to a concern. As a practitioner or employer, you are most likely to do this when you directly observe the incident or behaviour. Speculation, rumours, gossip or innuendo are not enough to form a reasonable belief.

Sophie can’t be sure that Brett is intoxicated at work but has witnessed worrying behaviour that indicates
he might be. She decides to speak to her professional association, the Australian College of Nursing, who
advise her to speak to her manager and/or HR before making a mandatory notification.
Sophie’s manager advises her that she needs to let a shift manager know as soon as a colleague appears
intoxicated at work, to make sure patients are not put at risk. Sophie’s manager speaks to Brett directly
and begins a process to understand the causes of his behaviour and to support his health.
If Sophie or her manager have a reasonable belief that Brett has practised while intoxicated, they will need
to make a mandatory notification.

Question 68

Devesh is the owner and director of a small family medical centre. He employs several GPs and a nurse.
Devesh has become aware that one of his employees, Jonathon, is having a sexual relationship with one of his recent former patients. Jonathon treated the patient over several years. The patient has longstanding mental health issues. Devesh believes the relationship to be consensual. Devesh is unsure if he is required to make a mandatory report about Jonathon.

Answer 68

Devesh takes into account that Jonathon had treated the patient on a semi-regular basis for several years,
only ending the professional relationship about three months earlier. Devesh is concerned that the patient
was previously receiving treatment for mental health issues, which puts the patient in a vulnerable
position.
Devesh decides to make a mandatory notification about Jonathon, because he believes that the former
patient is vulnerable and that the professional relationship between Jonathon and the patient was recent
and long-term.

Question 69

Tien is a surgeon who has begun seeing a clinical psychologist, Shauna, about her problems with anxiety
and her stressful work environment.
Tien rates her stress as ‘very high’ and decides to see a psychologist after experiencing a panic attack at
work one morning. Tien is having trouble coping when things go wrong at work.
Tien and Shauna have agreed on a treatment plan and Tien has said that her anxiety has lessened since
she started seeing Shauna.
Shauna has not had a client who is a registered health practitioner previously. She is concerned that she
should make a mandatory report about Tien

Answer 69

Shauna thinks about whether Tien’s anxiety is a high risk to her patients. Shauna does not think Tien’s
decision-making is impaired. While Tien has had some anxiety episodes at work, to Shauna’s knowledge
she is continuing to make clear and thoughtful decisions, shows insight about her anxiety and is
responding well to treatment. Shauna decides she does not need to make a mandatory report about Tien,
because her condition is being managed and it does not appear to place the public at substantial risk of
harm. If Tien’s anxiety was to worsen to the point that Shauna felt her decision-making was impaired,
Shauna may need to consider making a mandatory notification.

Question 70

What age is a minor?

Answer 70

under 18 years

Question 71

what ages are mature minors

Answer 71

16-18 years.
maybe 14years. a bit more tricky

Question 72

what is general principal A in APS code of ethics?

(prricj)

Answer 72

General Principle A: Respect for the rights and dignity of people and peoples (APS 2007, p. 11)
* Psychologists regard people as intrinsically valuable and respect their rights, including the right to autonomy and justice. Psychologists engage in conduct that promotes equity and the protection of people’s human rights, legal rights, and moral rights. They respect the dignity of all people and peoples

justice
respect
informed consent
privacy
confidentiality
release of information

Question 73

What is general principal B in the APS code of ethics?

(pprractm)

Answer 73

General Principle B: Propriety (APS 2007, p. 18)
* Psychologists ensure that they are competent to deliver their psychological services. They provide psychological services to benefit, not to harm. Psychologists seek to protect the interests of the people and peoples with whom they work. The welfare of clients and the public, and the standing of the profession, take precedence over a psychologist’s self interest

protect and competent.
professional responsibility
record keeping
request of third party
assessment
conflicting demands.
termination
mulitple clients

Question 74

What is general principal C in the APS code of ethics?

(francc)

Answer 74

General Principle C: Integrity (APS 2007, p. 23)
* Psychologists recognise that their knowledge of the discipline of psychology, their professional standing, and the information they gather place them in a position of power and trust. They exercise their power appropriately and honour this position of trust. Psychologists keep faith with the nature and intentions of their professional relationships. They act with probity and honesty in their conduct.

reputable behaviour
communication
conflict of interest
non exploitation
authorship
financial arrangements

Question 75

who is the client when working with non consenting adults (ie court situations)

Answer 75

For non-consenting adults who cannot give consent, someone with
the legal authority to do so will be considered the client and make
decisions for the non-consenting adult.

Question 76

What is recency of practice

Answer 76

at least 250 hours within the last five years

Question 77

What is the process with CPD requirements

Answer 77

identify own professional development needs
set professional development goals
select and undertake CPD
evaluate and reflect on the extent of activities.

Question 78

what is the most important 2 things to have with informed consent

Answer 78

1. clarifying any reasonably foreseeable risks, adverse effects, and possible disadvantages of the procedures
2. confidentiality and limits

Question 79

is evidence gathered through hypnosis admissible in court

Answer 79

no. therefore before using hypnosis, consult with clients as to whether there will be any court hearings.

Question 80

what is amnesia

Answer 80

refers to memory loss either because info wasn’t sotred in the first place (such as with traumatic dead injuries) or because it is unreported due to forgetting

Question 81

what is episodic knowledge

Answer 81

memory of personal experiences and events gained through senses, accessed by identification of times, places, associated emotions

Question 82

what is conceptual or semantic knowledge

Answer 82

memory of meanings, understandings or other abstract knowledge that wasn’t derived from experiences of specific events. general knowledge.

Question 83

what are unreported traumatic events

Answer 83

memories that for whatever reason have not yet been communicated. applies to conscious memories that a client has never told anyone and also memories that emerge while receiving treatment

Question 84

what is the difference between boundary crossing and violoation in ethics

Answer 84

Boundary crossing: departure from commonly accepted practices but one that could potentially benefit clients. ie accompany client to football game who has social anxiety as part of therapeudic intervetnion.

Violation: going to christmas party with client