ethics

Question 1

Why is ethics so important in research and clinical practice?

Answer 1

Because people are capable of horrible acts without some method to ensure ethical practice

Question 2

What are four threats to ethical behavior?

Answer 2

1. Utilitarianism applied to people. Treating people as objects or things with. Viewing a person’s worth as what they can contribute
2. Scientism: places science as the highest value. At the extreme end it puts answering scientific questions above other considerations
3. Rationalization - biased justification of our behavior. we are prone toward doing this
4. the greater good - this one goes with making a perfect world, essentially it is the ends justify the means.

Question 3

Can we have a science of ethics?

Answer 3

determining what behaviors to value are not likely within the realm of science

Question 4

name four benefits of the HSIRB process

Answer 4

1. it affirms respect for the dignity of each person
2. it contributes to public trust of research
3. it protects researchers
4. reduces the probability of incidents

Question 5

What are the four principles of the Canadian ethical code arranged from most to least importance?

Answer 5

1. respect for the dignity of the person
2. responsible caring
3. integrity in relationships
4. responsibility to society

Question 6

what is the relationship between benefits and risk in research and in clinical practice?

Answer 6

benefits should always outweigh risks in research and in clinical practice. although research can have risks, they should be understood by the participants and should be outweighed by the potential benefits

Question 7

list several practices for handling risks

Answer 7

providing anonymity or protecting confidentiality
avoiding coercion
monitoring risk
balancing risks against benefits

Question 8

why is the consent process so important?

Answer 8

because the participants need to be able to decide whether the benefits outweigh the risks to make an informed decison

Question 9

how can you ensure potential participants understand the benefits and risks involved in participation?

Answer 9

ensure they have the legal and mental capacity to make a decision
2. determine whether they can describe the benefits and risk in their own words
3. the language used should be age and educationally appropriate
4. ensure there is no coercion or undue influence

Question 10

list and describe the three review categories

Answer 10

Exempt Research - includes observation of public behavior and standard practices in education
Expidited Review: research that involves little or no risk over normal activity
Full Review: involves risks greater than usual or work with a vulnerable population

Question 11

what is a conflict of interest?

Answer 11

A conflict of interest refers to a special set of competing contingencies. on the one hand, I want to conduct high quality work that can be replicated by others and on the other hand i may receive reinforcement only if i obtain positive results