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PIL A, B & C > Ethics > Flashcards

Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

What does ASPA stand for?

A

Animals Scientific Procedures Act

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2
Q

When was ASPA published?

A

1986

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3
Q

What are the 3R’s for ASPA?

A

Reduction, refinement and replacement

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4
Q

Out of 3R’s, which R should be prioritized?

A

Replacement

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5
Q

What ethical view does ASPA take?

A

Requires a harm-benefit analysis of the programme of work to assess whether the harm that would be caused to animals (suffering, pain and distress), is justified by the expected outcome, taking into account ethical considerations and expected benefit to human beings, animals and environment.

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6
Q

Are great ape species prohibited by ASPA?

A

Yes.

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7
Q

What is the meaning of reduction in 3R’s?

A

Attempting to take measures of minimizing the number of animals used in the project.

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8
Q

What is the meaning of replacement in 3R’s?

A

Attempting to achieve the objectives of the project without using animals.

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9
Q

What is the meaning of refinement in 3R’s?

A

Attempting to choose most refined models, methods and animals for the experiment and minimize animal sufferring during the project and any procedures categorized as “severe”.

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10
Q

What is the definition of protected animals according to ASPA?

A

Any living vertebrate other than man and any living cephalopod

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11
Q

Does ASPA protect immature animals?

A

It depends. Immature forms from certain stages of development are not protected by ASPA. Mammals, birds and reptiles in their last third of gestation or incubation, fish and amphibia in their stages of independent feeding, and Cephalopods in their end of the embryonic stage are protected by ASPA.

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12
Q

Is squid protected by ASPA?

A

Yes.

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13
Q

What is the procedure regulated by ASPA?

A

A procedure applied to a protected animal for an experimental or other scientific purpose which may have the effect of causing that animal pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm equivalent to or higher than the introduction of a needle in accordance with good veterinary practice.

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14
Q

Does ASPA regulate the following procedures?
(1) The procedure fits two criteria (for scientific purposes and use of protected animals) of ASPA except that the procedure is part of the combination of procedures in which together cause pain suffering distress or lasting harm.

(2) The procedure fits two criteria (for scientific purposes and potential of causing pain) of ASPA except but uses unprotected animals. However, during the procedure, the animal becomes legally protected.

A

Yes, ASPA regulate both cases.

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15
Q

What is the definition of qualifying purposes?

A

Purposes that are authorised by ASPA, involving activities such as basic research, translational or applied research, production or testing of drugs and foodstuffs, protection of natural environment, preservation of particular animals or species, education or training and forensic enquiries.

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16
Q

What are the exemptions that ASPA does not regulate?

A
  1. marking (primarily for identification,
    only momentary or transient pain)
  2. humane killing ( for scientific purpose, using Schedule 1 methods
  3. recognised practice (veterinary, agricultural, or animal husbandry, veterinary clinical trials)
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17
Q

What are the three levels of control?

A
  1. Person
  2. Programm of work
  3. Place
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18
Q

What are the responsibilities of a personal license holder?

A
  • Bear primary responsibility for the animals on which they have performed regulated procedures
  • Must make suitable arrangements for the care and welfare of any animal during any period of absence.
  • Must check that authority exists in both personal and project licences for the procedure to be carried out
  • Must check that the place where the work is to be done is specified in the project licence
  • Must keep records of animals on which procedures have been performed
  • Must label cages or pens accurately
  • Must kill any animal suffering severe distress, which cannot be alleviated.
  • Must ensure that animals are killed after regulated procedures if they are suffering
    or likely to suffer adverse effects
19
Q

What are the responsibilities of the project license holder?

A
  1. Ensuring that the 3 Rs are implemented throughout the lifetime of a project. If a better method is developed during a project, it is expected to be used.
  2. Ensuring compliance with the terms and conditions of the project licence.
  3. Ensuring the plan of work and procedures are made available to personal licence holders
  4. Provide appropriate levels of supervision for personal licensees carrying out regulated procedures under the authority of his/her project licence.
  5. Additional justification required for the use of special species (cats, dogs, Equidae, primates)
  6. Animals must be killed at the end of procedures if they are likely to suffer
  7. PPLh must record actual severity experienced by animals undergoing procedures. This is reported as part of annual statistics.
20
Q

What are the responsibilities of the establishment license holder?

A
  1. Three Rs: The licence holder must ensure that the 3Rs are implemented fully.
  2. Humane Killing register: The licence Holder must maintain a register of persons competent to apply methods of humane killing listed in Schedule 1 or on project licences at the establishment. Someone
    competent to humanely kill an animal must always be available, and any necessary equipment must be available. It is recommended that a copy of Schedule 1 is displayed in areas where animals are
    killed and that a copy of the Code of Practice be readily available for reference.
  3. Maintenance of facilities and equipment: The licence holder is responsible for ensuring that the facilities for animal holding and use are maintained at least to minimum standards. These standards are
    set out in codes of practice issued by the Secretary of State. Animals must at all times be provided with care and accommodation appropriate to their needs. The holder is also responsible for ensuring that records are kept of the source, use, disposal and health of animals.
  4. Staff: The licence holder is responsible for ensuring that sufficient staff are available to care for the
    protected animals kept. The staff must be adequately educated and trained and supervised until they are competent.
  5. Daily checking of animals and environment: The well-being and state of health of animals must be
    monitored at least daily by a suitably qualified person, and timely action taken to prevent problems. Any
    restrictions on the extent to which an animal can satisfy its physiological and ethological needs must be
    kept to the absolute minimum.
21
Q

What does AWERB stand for?

A

Animal welfare and ethical review body

22
Q

How is AWERB established?

A

Set up by PEL holder

23
Q

What are the roles of AWERB?

A
  1. Advise staff on matters relating to animal welfare
  2. Advise on 3 Rs
  3. Review management processes
  4. Advise on project applications and review ongoing projects
  5. Support named persons
  6. Promote a ‘culture of care
24
Q

What personnel are required to be nominated by ASPA

A

Named animal care and welfare officer (NACWO), named Veterinary Surgeon (NVS), named training and competence officer (NTCO), named information officer (NIO) and named person responsible for compliance.

25
Q

What are the roles of NACWO?

A

Optimizing the welfare of animals bred, kept for use or used at the establishment.

26
Q

What are the roles of NVS?

A
  1. To advise on animal health and welfare
  2. Notify the personal licence holder in charge of an animal if its health or welfare gives cause for concern.
  3. If the licence holder is unavailable, make sure the animal is cared for and, if necessary, killed.
  4. May also notify the Home Office Inspector (HOI).
27
Q

What are the roles of NTCO?

A

Responsible for ensuring that all those dealing with animals are adequately educated, trained and supervised until they are competent and that they continue to undertake appropriate further training as needed.

28
Q

What are the roles of NIO?

A

To ensure staff working with animals have access to relevant information

29
Q

What are the roles of the Named Person Responsible for Compliance (NPRC)?

A

Where the establishment licence holder is a corporate entity, an individual must be named as NPRC.

NPRC must be of similar standing and undertake similar training, to that required for an individual who is a PEL holder
Duties are the same as PELh.

30
Q

Is killing an animal by particular methods for scientific purposes regulated?

A

No.

31
Q

What methods are appropriate for killing animals?

A

Methods are listed in Schedule 1. Schedule 1 is precise – methods are listed for particular types of animals with weight limits.

32
Q

What kind of people are allowed to conduct humane killing?

A

Only people listed on the humane killing register at the establishment can conduct humane killing. This includes methods of killing not listed in Schedule 1 covered by PIL and PPL authority.

33
Q

Should animals listed in schedule 2 be purpose-bred for use in procedures?

A

Yes.

34
Q

What organisations can license places breeding/supplying Schedule 2 species？What are the responsibilities of the places?

A

PEL, vet and NACWO
Maintain standards of accommodation and care as specified in Code of Practice

35
Q

Which organisation can authorise the exemption of animals (e.g. pets) other than schedule 2 animals?

A

Home Office

36
Q

should the establishments also have a PEL if they breed non-schedule two animals primarily for use in research?

A

Yes

37
Q

What are the schedule 2 animals?

A

Rat, mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, hamster (Syrian and Chinese), gerbil,
Cat, dog, ferret,
Primates,
Xenopus (laevis and tropicalis), Rana (temporaria and pipiens), zebra fish
European quail
Genetically modified sheep and pigs

38
Q

When is anaesthesia not required for the procedure?

A
  1. The procedure will not cause severe pain
  2. Analgesia (or other method) ensures adverse effects are minimal
  3. It is more traumatic to the animal than the procedure itself, or would frustrate the purpose of the procedure
39
Q

What are the criteria for re-use?

A

Permission from the Secretary of State
The animal has not undergone a procedure classified as ‘severe.’
The further procedure is non-recovery, mild or moderate?
The veterinary surgeon has advised that the state of health is fully restored.

40
Q

What are the roles of the inspector?

A
  1. Applications considered by Home Office Inspector but granted by the Secretary of State
  2. Inspector visits establishments to monitor compliance
  3. Inspectors investigate and report infringements (Penalties for non-compliance)
41
Q

What are the roles of the science committee?

A

Independent body providing impartial advice to the Home Office on issues relating to the Act, e.g. best practice relating to the acquisition, breeding, accommodation, care and use of protected animals.
The Chair and Members have a range of skills including
lay members, scientists and welfarists.
The Committee has no executive powers
provides advice to Ministers and AWERBs s
shares information with committees in other EU Member States.
SoS may refer project licence applications to the ASC
E.g. wild-caught non-human primates; severe procedures in ‘special’ species; use of endangered species; projects with major animal welfare or ethical implications.

42
Q

What are the other UK legislations?

A

Animal Welfare Act 2006 Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966 Breeding of Dogs Act 1973

43
Q

What does Animal Health Act 1981 concern about?

A

a) Disease control

b) Transport

c) Import and export

44
Q

Whar do the genetically Modified Organisms (contained use) regulations in 2014 regulate?

A

All activities involving GMOs must be assessed for the risk to humans and the environment (class 1 low to class 4 high)
Must notify HSE of all premises using GMOs before they are used for the first time.
Must notify HSE of individual activities of Class 2 (low risk) to Class 4 (high risk).
Class 1 activities (no or negligible risk) are non notifiable.

PIL A, B & C (3 decks)

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