Ethics Flashcards
What are the 4 pillars of medical ethics
Beneficence
Non maleficence
Justice
Autonomy
What should you mention for beneficence?
Is it clinically relevant? is it clinically needed?
What should you mention for maleficence
were adverse effects monitored throughout? interim analyses? safety outcomes? – The conditions for which the trial should be stopped should be mentioned initially
Clinical equipoise
Whaat should you mention for autonomy
If capacity > individuals should have the right to chose for their health
Did they give informed consent? often hard to obtain
What should you mention for justice?
Is this intervention a justifiable use of resources?
What are the four principles of ethics you can discuss an intervention in?
Utilitarianism
paternalism
Consequentialism
Deontological
What is utilitarianism
the best action provides the most benefit to the most number of people
What is deontology
The morality of an action iis based on its nature, regardless of conseq (e.g. harm is always wrong). Action is judged on set criteria
What is consequentialism
the morality of an action should be judged on its consequences rather than its motives
what is autonomy
the ethical right to self determination
so if a patent has capacity, they should give informed consent to any treatment
what is the declaration of helsinki
set of ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects
govern medical research
are MORALLY BLINDING to clinicians and incorporated into legislation
What important things are included in the declaration of helsinki1
- Subjects welfare and autonomy take preference over benefit to science
- Study should provide results for society that are helpful and cannot be procured in otheer ways
- stop study if dangerous
- subjects shpould be able to dissent / stop whenever
- new tx should be tested against current best treatment (unless no tx exists or the use of placebo is necessary)
