Ethical Thought Flashcards
Briefly explain Divine Command Theory
Divine Command Theory is a meta-ethical(concerns itself with where “moral thought” is derived from), normative (tells people what to do) theoru and essentially stipulates that what is good is what God commands.
What is DCT also known as?
Theological Voluntarism.
What are some examples of commands in scripture?
You Shall not Murder
You shall not steal
Why is Divine Command theory convincing?
If God is the God of classical theism, then he is an objective empirical source of morality, so whatever God commands would be good.
What is the Euthyphro dilemna?
The Socratic idea of whether something is good because of an independant standard of morality, or because God commanded it. Either there is something greater thann God, or God is arbitrary.
What is the Pluralism Objection?
There are many cultures and different societys that have different ideas of what God commands, so which one should be obeyed. Evenn extends to Old vs New testament.
How did Robert Adams adapt the Divine command theory
He derived a solution to the arbitrariness problem which is that it is logically impossible for God to command cruelty, being oomnibenevolent, but he COULD command cruelty for his own sake, and we would be obliged to obey, he just doesnt and wouldnt.
What is a possible weakness of Adams modified divine command theory?
He doesnt specify if God does command something immoral just for its own sake whether or not we should obey, as to obey is to act immorally but to disobey is to abandon divine command theory.
Who pioneered Vritue theory
Aristotle.
What does virtue ethics focus on deciding if one is being moral, rather than the consequences of actions.
Character(A virtuous moral agent will always make virtuous decisions in ethical dilemnas)
What is the goal of life, according to Aristotle
Eudaimonia(Human Flourishing)
What is Phronesis and how is it relevant to achieving Eudaimonia
Phronesis is practical wisdom or prudence used to work out what is moral in a situation. If you do what is moral, you are closer to Eudaimonia.
Name some of the 5 intellectual virtues.
Science-ability to find logical truth
Art- Ability to use reason to plan ahead
Prudence or phronesis-Practical wisdom to be virtuous
Intuition-ability to grasp the first principles of truth
Wisdom- most finished and perfect form of knowledge
Name some of the moral virtues, as well as their excesses and deficiencies.
Rashness-courage-cowardice
Shyness-modesty-shamelessness
However, only someone who is experienced with strong phronesis will be able to tell the suitable response in a situation.”easy to miss the target and difficult to hit it”
What were Jesus’ teachings on virtues.
The beatitudes- Blessed are the meek etc.
Jesus is also a virtous poerson whose example can be copied in order to be virtuous.
“Faith hope and love” are all listed as important qualities or virtues in the bible.
In the sermon on the mount Jesus indicates that character traits are more important that specific acts-moves away fomr law centered rules of the pharisees.