Ethical Issues Relating to Life

Question 1

Many people and religious groups believe that life begins at ___

Answer 1

conception

Question 2

Others believe that life does not begin until ____ days after the ___ and ___ unite to form an ____.

Answer 2

fourteen, egg, sperm, embryo

Question 3

an embryo is the stage of development between which weeks?

Answer 3

2nd- 8th

Question 4

What is the embryo attached to?

Answer 4

uterine wall

Question 5

other life begins when the embryo becomes a ___

Answer 5

fetus

Question 6

an embryo becomes a fetus about the ___ week / ___ month of pregnancy

Answer 6

9th week, 3rd month

Question 7

during the 3rd trimester, what has the fetus developed?

Answer 7

organs, heart beat becomes pronounced and has a functioning brain

Question 8

what is the length of a full gestational period?

Answer 8

40 weeks

Question 9

Couples who desire children, but are unable to get pregnant of their own seek _____ ______ through ______ or _____

Answer 9

medical assistance through physician or fertility expert

Question 10

3 most recent methods for assisted conception are…

Answer 10

artificial insemination, in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and surrogate motherhood

Question 11

injection of seminal fluid that contains male sperm into the females vagina by some means other than intercourse

Answer 11

Artificial insemination

Question 12

AIH vs AID

Answer 12

AI by husband, AI by donor sperm

Question 13

Are donors responsible for child support?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

If husband and wife agree to AID, is the husband still responsible for child support if the child isn’t biologically his?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

True or false: AID records are public records

Answer 15

False, they are confidential and handled the same as adoption papers

Question 16

True or False: when reviewing health records for a child that was a product of AID, we should have AID’s medical history

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Couples have viable reproductive cells (ovum and sperm), but conception does not occur naturally can use ____

Answer 17

in-vitro fertilization

Question 18

process in which ovum and sperm cells are combined outside the woman’s body and later implanted into their uterus

Answer 18

in-vitro fertilization

Question 19

What happens to unused cells during in-vitro fertilization?

Answer 19

unused cells destroyed, as are fertilized embryos, unused embryos are frozen for later implantation

Question 20

Issues with embryos during in-vitro fertilization

Answer 20

moral and ethical issues involved with “killing” embryos, and legal status of unused embryos (custody battle over frozen embryos during divorce cases)

Question 21

An infertile couple, homo/hetero, who don’t wish to adopt who uses a woman to bear the child for them

Answer 21

surrogate motherhood

Question 22

a woman’s ovum and husband’s sperm are combined using in-vitro fert. and implanted into surrogate woman

Answer 22

gestational carrier

Question 23

____ ____ increase female hormones and production of ova to enhance ability to conceive

Answer 23

fertility drugs

Question 24

side effects of fertility drugs

Answer 24

increase chance of having multiple births, miscarriage, stillbirth, infant death, disabled children

Question 25

procedure performed by entering the uterus and removing some of the embryos leaving only two or three

Answer 25

harvesting

Question 26

using the harvesting approach to make sure a child does not inherit a disease

Answer 26

preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)

Question 27

any action taken to prevent pregnancy (birth control, condoms, vasectomy)

Answer 27

Contraception

Question 28

process of medically altering reproductive organs to terminate ability to conceive

Answer 28

sterilization

Question 29

therapeutic sterilization can occur if...

Answer 29

mothers physical or mental health are in danger

Question 30

involuntary sterilization

Answer 30

eugenic sterilization

Question 31

science that studies methods for controlling certain characteristics in offspring

Answer 31

eugenics

Question 32

_____ cases occur when physician says patient is sterile, then pregnancy occurs

Answer 32

negligence

Question 33

termination of a pregnancy before it is viable

Answer 33

abortion

Question 34

abortion that occurs naturally without interference

Answer 34

spontaneous abortion / miscarriage

Question 35

abortion caused by artificial means (medication, surgery to save mother's life or destroy fetus)

Answer 35

Induced abortion

Question 36

Prohibited all abortions not necessary to save the life of the mother, violation of woman's right to privacy (14th amendment) gave strength that woman should be allowed to have privacy over matters related to their body

Answer 36

Roe v Wade

Question 37

Roe v Wade: first trimester decision

Answer 37

between woman and physician

Question 38

Roe v Wade: second trimester decision

Answer 38

abortions prohibited 6+ mo because fetus is viable unless necessary to preserve mothers life or health

Question 39

Roe v Wade: third trimester decision

Answer 39

all abortions prohibited from 7+ months unless necessary to preserve mothers life or health

Question 40

Abortions occurring late in pregnancy when the fetus is considered to be viable (24 weeks)

Answer 40

partial birth abortion (used for second trimester

Question 41

Plan B contraceptive can be taken within ___ hours following intercourse to prevent pregnancy

Answer 41

72

Question 42

True or False: Hospital employees can not refuse to participate in performing abortions and will be dismissed for insubordination

Answer 42

False, they can refuse and cannot be dismissed for insubordination

Question 43

Women have the right to choose what to do with their bodies, legalized abortions are safer, right to abort if victim of incest

Answer 43

Pro choice advocates

Question 44

no one has the right to deny life, embryo, no matter how young, is a human life

Answer 44

right to life advocates

Question 45

Prohibits withholding tx. solely because infant is disabled

Answer 45

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (1987)

Question 46

The study of heredity. The biological influence that parents have of their offspring

Answer 46

genetics

Question 47

investigation and counsel through interview and conferencing with prospective parents to determine potential for passing on genetic traits

Answer 47

genetic counseling

Question 48

a surgical procedure to withdraw amniotic fluid from the pregnant uterus

Answer 48

amniocentesis

Question 49

amniocentesis is invasive and requires _____ because there are risks and the procedure could cause injury to the fetus

Answer 49

consent

Question 50

amniocentesis is a type of __-_____ testing

Answer 50

pre-natal testing

Question 51

__% - __% of all newborns have hereditary or congenital disorder

Answer 51

3% - 5%

Question 52

Lawsuits brought against hospitals or physicians by children with genetic defects whom claim they were injured by the action of being bord

Answer 52

wrongful-life suits (impossible to asses $$ of damages for being alive)

Question 53

suits won by women who conceived when sterilization procedure failed,

Answer 53

wrongful conception/wrongful pregnancy

Question 54

Law that says infants 31 days or younger can be left in a place (hospital, police, fire station) if the parent is unable to care for them

Answer 54

Safe Haven Laws

Question 55

If a family decides to drop their infant at a safe haven and they change their mind, can the family get the infant back?

Answer 55

Yes