Ethical Issues Relating to Life Flashcards
Many people and religious groups believe that life begins at ___
conception
Others believe that life does not begin until ____ days after the ___ and ___ unite to form an ____.
fourteen, egg, sperm, embryo
an embryo is the stage of development between which weeks?
2nd- 8th
What is the embryo attached to?
uterine wall
other life begins when the embryo becomes a ___
fetus
an embryo becomes a fetus about the ___ week / ___ month of pregnancy
9th week, 3rd month
during the 3rd trimester, what has the fetus developed?
organs, heart beat becomes pronounced and has a functioning brain
what is the length of a full gestational period?
40 weeks
Couples who desire children, but are unable to get pregnant of their own seek _____ ______ through ______ or _____
medical assistance through physician or fertility expert
3 most recent methods for assisted conception are…
artificial insemination, in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and surrogate motherhood
injection of seminal fluid that contains male sperm into the females vagina by some means other than intercourse
Artificial insemination
AIH vs AID
AI by husband, AI by donor sperm
Are donors responsible for child support?
no
If husband and wife agree to AID, is the husband still responsible for child support if the child isn’t biologically his?
yes
True or false: AID records are public records
False, they are confidential and handled the same as adoption papers
True or False: when reviewing health records for a child that was a product of AID, we should have AID’s medical history
True
Couples have viable reproductive cells (ovum and sperm), but conception does not occur naturally can use ____
in-vitro fertilization
process in which ovum and sperm cells are combined outside the woman’s body and later implanted into their uterus
in-vitro fertilization
What happens to unused cells during in-vitro fertilization?
unused cells destroyed, as are fertilized embryos, unused embryos are frozen for later implantation
Issues with embryos during in-vitro fertilization
moral and ethical issues involved with “killing” embryos, and legal status of unused embryos (custody battle over frozen embryos during divorce cases)
An infertile couple, homo/hetero, who don’t wish to adopt who uses a woman to bear the child for them
surrogate motherhood
a woman’s ovum and husband’s sperm are combined using in-vitro fert. and implanted into surrogate woman
gestational carrier
____ ____ increase female hormones and production of ova to enhance ability to conceive
fertility drugs
side effects of fertility drugs
increase chance of having multiple births, miscarriage, stillbirth, infant death, disabled children
procedure performed by entering the uterus and removing some of the embryos leaving only two or three
harvesting
using the harvesting approach to make sure a child does not inherit a disease
preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)
any action taken to prevent pregnancy (birth control, condoms, vasectomy)
Contraception
process of medically altering reproductive organs to terminate ability to conceive
sterilization
therapeutic sterilization can occur if…
mothers physical or mental health are in danger
involuntary sterilization
eugenic sterilization
science that studies methods for controlling certain characteristics in offspring
eugenics
_____ cases occur when physician says patient is sterile, then pregnancy occurs
negligence
termination of a pregnancy before it is viable
abortion
abortion that occurs naturally without interference
spontaneous abortion / miscarriage
abortion caused by artificial means (medication, surgery to save mother’s life or destroy fetus)
Induced abortion
Prohibited all abortions not necessary to save the life of the mother, violation of woman’s right to privacy (14th amendment) gave strength that woman should be allowed to have privacy over matters related to their body
Roe v Wade
Roe v Wade: first trimester decision
between woman and physician
Roe v Wade: second trimester decision
abortions prohibited 6+ mo because fetus is viable unless necessary to preserve mothers life or health
Roe v Wade: third trimester decision
all abortions prohibited from 7+ months unless necessary to preserve mothers life or health
Abortions occurring late in pregnancy when the fetus is considered to be viable (24 weeks)
partial birth abortion (used for second trimester
Plan B contraceptive can be taken within ___ hours following intercourse to prevent pregnancy
72
True or False: Hospital employees can not refuse to participate in performing abortions and will be dismissed for insubordination
False, they can refuse and cannot be dismissed for insubordination
Women have the right to choose what to do with their bodies, legalized abortions are safer, right to abort if victim of incest
Pro choice advocates
no one has the right to deny life, embryo, no matter how young, is a human life
right to life advocates
Prohibits withholding tx. solely because infant is disabled
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (1987)
The study of heredity. The biological influence that parents have of their offspring
genetics
investigation and counsel through interview and conferencing with prospective parents to determine potential for passing on genetic traits
genetic counseling
a surgical procedure to withdraw amniotic fluid from the pregnant uterus
amniocentesis
amniocentesis is invasive and requires _____ because there are risks and the procedure could cause injury to the fetus
consent
amniocentesis is a type of __-_____ testing
pre-natal testing
__% - __% of all newborns have hereditary or congenital disorder
3% - 5%
Lawsuits brought against hospitals or physicians by children with genetic defects whom claim they were injured by the action of being bord
wrongful-life suits (impossible to asses $$ of damages for being alive)
suits won by women who conceived when sterilization procedure failed,
wrongful conception/wrongful pregnancy
Law that says infants 31 days or younger can be left in a place (hospital, police, fire station) if the parent is unable to care for them
Safe Haven Laws
If a family decides to drop their infant at a safe haven and they change their mind, can the family get the infant back?
Yes
