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HEA 300 > Ethical Issues Relating to Life > Flashcards

Ethical Issues Relating to Life Flashcards

1
Q

Many people and religious groups believe that life begins at ___

A

conception

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2
Q

Others believe that life does not begin until ____ days after the ___ and ___ unite to form an ____.

A

fourteen, egg, sperm, embryo

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3
Q

an embryo is the stage of development between which weeks?

A

2nd- 8th

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4
Q

What is the embryo attached to?

A

uterine wall

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5
Q

other life begins when the embryo becomes a ___

A

fetus

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6
Q

an embryo becomes a fetus about the ___ week / ___ month of pregnancy

A

9th week, 3rd month

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7
Q

during the 3rd trimester, what has the fetus developed?

A

organs, heart beat becomes pronounced and has a functioning brain

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8
Q

what is the length of a full gestational period?

A

40 weeks

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9
Q

Couples who desire children, but are unable to get pregnant of their own seek _____ ______ through ______ or _____

A

medical assistance through physician or fertility expert

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10
Q

3 most recent methods for assisted conception are…

A

artificial insemination, in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and surrogate motherhood

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11
Q

injection of seminal fluid that contains male sperm into the females vagina by some means other than intercourse

A

Artificial insemination

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12
Q

AIH vs AID

A

AI by husband, AI by donor sperm

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13
Q

Are donors responsible for child support?

A

no

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14
Q

If husband and wife agree to AID, is the husband still responsible for child support if the child isn’t biologically his?

A

yes

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15
Q

True or false: AID records are public records

A

False, they are confidential and handled the same as adoption papers

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16
Q

True or False: when reviewing health records for a child that was a product of AID, we should have AID’s medical history

A

True

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17
Q

Couples have viable reproductive cells (ovum and sperm), but conception does not occur naturally can use ____

A

in-vitro fertilization

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18
Q

process in which ovum and sperm cells are combined outside the woman’s body and later implanted into their uterus

A

in-vitro fertilization

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19
Q

What happens to unused cells during in-vitro fertilization?

A

unused cells destroyed, as are fertilized embryos, unused embryos are frozen for later implantation

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20
Q

Issues with embryos during in-vitro fertilization

A

moral and ethical issues involved with “killing” embryos, and legal status of unused embryos (custody battle over frozen embryos during divorce cases)

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21
Q

An infertile couple, homo/hetero, who don’t wish to adopt who uses a woman to bear the child for them

A

surrogate motherhood

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22
Q

a woman’s ovum and husband’s sperm are combined using in-vitro fert. and implanted into surrogate woman

A

gestational carrier

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23
Q

____ ____ increase female hormones and production of ova to enhance ability to conceive

A

fertility drugs

24
Q

side effects of fertility drugs

A

increase chance of having multiple births, miscarriage, stillbirth, infant death, disabled children

25
Q

procedure performed by entering the uterus and removing some of the embryos leaving only two or three

A

harvesting

26
Q

using the harvesting approach to make sure a child does not inherit a disease

A

preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)

27
Q

any action taken to prevent pregnancy (birth control, condoms, vasectomy)

A

Contraception

28
Q

process of medically altering reproductive organs to terminate ability to conceive

A

sterilization

29
Q

therapeutic sterilization can occur if…

A

mothers physical or mental health are in danger

30
Q

involuntary sterilization

A

eugenic sterilization

31
Q

science that studies methods for controlling certain characteristics in offspring

A

eugenics

32
Q

_____ cases occur when physician says patient is sterile, then pregnancy occurs

A

negligence

33
Q

termination of a pregnancy before it is viable

A

abortion

34
Q

abortion that occurs naturally without interference

A

spontaneous abortion / miscarriage

35
Q

abortion caused by artificial means (medication, surgery to save mother’s life or destroy fetus)

A

Induced abortion

36
Q

Prohibited all abortions not necessary to save the life of the mother, violation of woman’s right to privacy (14th amendment) gave strength that woman should be allowed to have privacy over matters related to their body

A

Roe v Wade

37
Q

Roe v Wade: first trimester decision

A

between woman and physician

38
Q

Roe v Wade: second trimester decision

A

abortions prohibited 6+ mo because fetus is viable unless necessary to preserve mothers life or health

39
Q

Roe v Wade: third trimester decision

A

all abortions prohibited from 7+ months unless necessary to preserve mothers life or health

40
Q

Abortions occurring late in pregnancy when the fetus is considered to be viable (24 weeks)

A

partial birth abortion (used for second trimester

41
Q

Plan B contraceptive can be taken within ___ hours following intercourse to prevent pregnancy

A

72

42
Q

True or False: Hospital employees can not refuse to participate in performing abortions and will be dismissed for insubordination

A

False, they can refuse and cannot be dismissed for insubordination

43
Q

Women have the right to choose what to do with their bodies, legalized abortions are safer, right to abort if victim of incest

A

Pro choice advocates

44
Q

no one has the right to deny life, embryo, no matter how young, is a human life

A

right to life advocates

45
Q

Prohibits withholding tx. solely because infant is disabled

A

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (1987)

46
Q

The study of heredity. The biological influence that parents have of their offspring

A

genetics

47
Q

investigation and counsel through interview and conferencing with prospective parents to determine potential for passing on genetic traits

A

genetic counseling

48
Q

a surgical procedure to withdraw amniotic fluid from the pregnant uterus

A

amniocentesis

49
Q

amniocentesis is invasive and requires _____ because there are risks and the procedure could cause injury to the fetus

A

consent

50
Q

amniocentesis is a type of __-_____ testing

A

pre-natal testing

51
Q

__% - __% of all newborns have hereditary or congenital disorder

A

3% - 5%

52
Q

Lawsuits brought against hospitals or physicians by children with genetic defects whom claim they were injured by the action of being bord

A

wrongful-life suits (impossible to asses $$ of damages for being alive)

53
Q

suits won by women who conceived when sterilization procedure failed,

A

wrongful conception/wrongful pregnancy

54
Q

Law that says infants 31 days or younger can be left in a place (hospital, police, fire station) if the parent is unable to care for them

A

Safe Haven Laws

55
Q

If a family decides to drop their infant at a safe haven and they change their mind, can the family get the infant back?

A

Yes

HEA 300 (3 decks)

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