Ethical Guidelines Flashcards
What is meant by deception? How can it impact on the participants?
When info deliberately withheld from participants or they’re knowingly mislead
Prevents participants from giving fully informed consent - might be taking part in research that goes against their views/beliefs
What is meant by the right to withdraw? How can it impact on the participants?
Participants have right to remove themselves or data from study at any stage
Includes after research conducted, researcher must destroy any data or info collected
Participants who aren’t given right to withdraw may feel unnecessary or undue stress & thus not protected from harm
How do we deal with deception?
At end of study participants fully debriefed & told true aim & nature of research
At this point participant given right to withdraw publication of their results
Contact details of experimenter given if participants have further questions/queries
How do we deal with the right to withdraw?
At end of study participants fully debriefed & told true aim & nature of research
At this point participant given right to withdraw publication of their results
Contact details of experimenter given if participants have further questions/queries
What is meant by informed consent? How can it impact on the participants?
When someone consents to participate in research, their consent should be informed -
Aims of research made clear before they agree to participate
Participant might be taking part in research that goes against wishes/beliefs
It’s possible participant may have felt obliged to take part or coerced into it, especially if not fully informed
How do we deal with informed consent?
Presumptive consent - take random sample of population & Intro them to research & any deception - if they agree to take part response is generalised & presumed future parties would do same
Prior general consent - parties agree to do numerous psychological investigations, which may/may not involve deception - they will have given consent for being deceived
Retrospective consent - parties give consent for participation after already doing it, e.g. if they weren’t aware of involvement in investigation
How do we deal with informed consent with children under 16?
Gain consent of parent(s) in writing to participate
What is meant by privacy? How can it impact on the participants?
Right of individuals to decide how info about them will be communicated to others
Skilled researcher may get more info from parti then they wish to give - could be invasion of privacy & may feel ashamed/embarrassed
How do we deal with privacy?
Parti provided with fully informed consent & right to withdraw at any stage
Researcher explains way(s) info protected & kept confidential
E.g. no names published in final report
What is meant by confidentiality? How can it impact on the participants?
Participant’s personal info protected by law under Data Protection Act both during & after exper
Person’s details/data may be used by other parties against participant’s wishes
How do we deal with confidentiality?
Participants provide with fake name, number or initials to protect identity & assure anonymity
They shouldn’t be identified by any person, institute or organisation
What is meant by protection from harm? How can it impact on the participants?
Psychologists have responsibility to protect their participants from physical/psychological harm
Risk of harm must be no greater than which they’re exposed to in everyday life
Participants leave in same state they entered it
If they’re harmed, they may suffer long-term effects that could impact lives in future
How do we deal with protection from harm?
Researcher remind participants of right to withdraw throughout & after research
Researcher terminates experiment if level of psychological/physical harm higher than expected
Participants debriefed at end of experiment & some instances parties referred to counselling
