Ethical Dilemmas

Question 1

what is ethics?

Answer 1

people, individually or collectively, decide that certain actions are right or wrong and whether they should do something or have a right to something

Question 2

ethics as a vet nurse?

Answer 2

in a unique position to influence animal owners and therefore the welfare of the animal

ethical opinions are personal but may influence what you do in practice

Question 3

three main ethical approaches?

Answer 3

roles and duties to other humans (and non-humans)

outcomes of decisions (greatest positive effects)

becoming a better person (values/professionalism)

Question 4

two ethical characteristics?

Answer 4

non-consequentialism
- the right thing should be done no matter the consequence

consequentialism
- examination of the action’s outcomes to discover if it would be good or bad

Question 5

ethical theories

Answer 5

deontology

• non-consequential
• actions are right or wrong
• rules are not to be broken

utilitarianism

• consequentialism
• outcome should be the best
• decision-making less clear

virtue ethics

• culture and society
• personal opinions
• person focused not action focused

Question 6

common ethical issues in veterinary practice?

Answer 6

tail docking
pain and suffering/owner refusing euthanasia
abuse
elderly patients - best time for PTS?
financial - can’t afford so euthanasia? charities? insurance?
different morals - different use of animals
convenience euthanasia
poor practice

Question 7

ethical concepts?

Answer 7

anthropomorphism

• attribution of human traits, qualities and characteristics of animals
• enables people to socially, emotionally and physically connect with pet

speciesism

• believe humans are superior and have greater moral rights
• favour own species
• and favour certain species over others

supernaturalism

• natural law
• allow those with disease to die without treatment

Question 8

medical ethics?

Answer 8

beneficence - maximise the best interest of your patient

non-maleficence - avoid using harm to your patient

respect for autonomy - basis of informed consent

justice - fairness and equality for all

Question 9

how to make ethical decisions?

Answer 9

1. no own personal opinions and values
2. establish the interests of affected parties
3. use legal or professional guidance
4. formulate an ethical decision
   - identify the ethical issues involved
   - choose a course of action
5. minimise the impact of the decision

Question 10

managing ethical problems in veterinary practice?

Answer 10

communication

• clients
• colleagues
• appropriate agencies (BVNS, RCVS)