Ethical Considerations Flashcards

1
Q

What is ethics?

A

Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with morality.

  • how people make decisions and lead their lives
  • distinguishing between good and evil in the world
  • assessing whether human actions are right or wrong
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2
Q

What is Metaethics

A

The origin and meaning of ethical concepts

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3
Q

What is Metaphysics

A

the kinds of things that exist in the universe: are moral values “eternal
truths”

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4
Q

What is moral realism

A

assumes moral principles are not based on subjective human

convention but have have an objective foundation e.g. eternal law / divine commands

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5
Q

What is moral scepticism

A

denies existence of objective moral values, but does not reject
moral values themselves

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6
Q

What is Moral relativism

A

accepts moral standards that are grounded in social approval

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7
Q

What is computer ethics

A
  • Computers generate
    wholly new ethical problems that would not have existed if computers had not been invented
  • Computer ethics issues are old ethical problems that are “given a new twist” by
    computer technology.
  • Computer technology is ‘logically malleable’
  • allows people to do things previously
    impossible, so no laws/ specific ethical rules have been established to govern them
    – so
    leading to “policy vacuums”.
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8
Q

Why are Ethics important in Computing?

A

IS are ubiquitous and have a profound impact on all aspects of human existence

  • automating paper handling
  • global positioning systems
  • electronic voting register
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9
Q

Mention some emerging ethical issues

A

Machine learning/artificial intelligence poses new and complicated ethical issues

  • Automated decision making in life and death circumstances
  • Authentication and veracity concerns
  • Emergence of post
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10
Q

What is the British Computer Society Code of Conduct

A
  • out the professional standards required by BCS as a condition of membership;
  • applies to all members, irrespective of their membership grade, the role they fulfil, or
    the jurisdiction where they are employed or discharge their contractual obligations
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11
Q

What is the approach for ethical analysis- Baase

A

A practical approach, based on: reason; introspection; observation of human nature, values
& behavior; an understanding of ethical principles

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12
Q

What is the approach for ethical analysis- Bricken

A

The reasoning which leads to an opinion is important, not the opinion itself
- Apply structured techniques to formulate and clarify thinking

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13
Q

Mention some distinctions in applied ethics

A
  • right, wrong, okay
  • negative and positive rights
  • wrong and harm
  • separate goals from constraints
  • law and ethiccs
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14
Q

The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics

A

Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people.
Thou shalt not interfere with other people’s computer work.
Thou shalt not snoop around in other people’s computer files.
Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.
Thou shalt not copy or use proprietary software for which you have not paid.
Thou shalt not use other people’s computer resources without authorization or proper compensation.
Thou shalt not appropriate other people’s intellectual output.
Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system you are designing.
Thou shalt always use a computer in ways that ensure consideration and respect for your fellow humans.

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