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CCNA > Ethernet LANs and Switches > Flashcards

Ethernet LANs and Switches Flashcards

1
Q

LAN switches receive Ethernet frames and then make a switching decision based on:

A
  1. Deciding when to forward a frame or when to filter a frame base on the destination MAC address.
  2. Learning MAC address by examining the source MAC address of each frame received by the switch.
  3. Creating a layer 2 loop-free environment with other switches by using Spanning Tree Protocol(STP).
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2
Q

Before any MAC addresses are learned on the switch, if one frame is received from a device in the VLAN, then the switch will ______ unknown unicast frames out to all ports. The receiving device will respond back to ______ with its source MAC address; therefore the switch can also learn the second device.

A

flood

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3
Q

When would a switch floods the frame?

A

When the destination is broadcast, multicast, or unknown destination unicast.

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4
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the store-and-forward switching method?

A

It ensures the no errors(check no errors in FCS). It takes longer to receive all bits when transferring.

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5
Q

What is the difference between cut-through and store-and-forward switching method?

A

Cut-through method forwards the frame as soon as it can, it reduce latency but does not allow the switch to discard frames that fail the FCS check.

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6
Q

What is the difference between Fragment-free and cut-through switching method?

A

It forwards the frame after first 64 bytes of the frame are received. This method avoids forwarding frames that were have error because of collision.

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7
Q

When would a switch reset the inactivity timer for a particular interface?

A

When it learns a new MAC address or received a known MAC address.

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8
Q

Which LAN device would separate a broadcast domain?

A

Router.

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9
Q

A domain that a set of network interface cards for which a frame sent by one NIC could result in a collision with a frame sent by any other NIC in the same collision domain is called a _______

A

collision domain.

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10
Q

Which network devices would increase bandwidth?

A

Switch and router.

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11
Q

Which network devices would create multiple collision domains?

A

Switch and router.

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12
Q

How are VLANs are created and what is its function?

A

Virtual LANs are created by configuring a SINGLE switch. It groups interfaces into specific broadcast domains based on configuration.

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13
Q

With auto-negotiation enable, the switch can accommodate all PCs with ____ Ethernet speed.

A

Different

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14
Q

When auto-negotiation fails, the IEEE defaults are:

A

Speed: sense the speed, default is 10 Mbps.

Duplex. if speed = 10 or 100, use half-duplex; otherwise use full-duplex.

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15
Q

What is the concept(language) we use to configure/interact with router and switch products?

A

Command-line interface (CLI).

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16
Q

In a campus LAN what is the differences between an access switch and a distribution switch?

A

Access switches are the ones that connect to the end devices. Distribution switches provide a path through which access switches can forward traffic to each other.

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17
Q

How do we name a physical port(interface) of the first port of a 10/100/1000 interface?

A

“interface GigabitEthernet 1/1” or G1/1

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18
Q

How do we name a physical port(interface) of the third port of a 10/100 interface?

A

“interface FastEthernet 0/3” or F0/3

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19
Q

What is Cisco’s operation software?

A

Internetwork Operating System (IOS).

20
Q

What are the three most popular access method to CLI?

A

console, Telnet and Secured Shell (SSH)

21
Q

Which switch port does each accessing method connects to?
Console:
Telnet:
SSH:

A

Console port
port 23
port 22

22
Q

A more powerful EXEC mode in IOS is called a _______ mode or _______ mode.

A

Enabled, privileged.

23
Q

What are the four common Configuration modes?

A
  1. hostname(config)#: Global
  2. hostname(config-line)# Line: line console 0; line vty 0 15
  3. hostname(config-if)#interface: interface name
  4. hostname(config-vlan)# VLAN: vlan #
24
Q

What are the four main types of memory found in Cisco switches?

A
  1. RAM(DRAM: working memory and running configuration. This file changes dynamically when someone enters commands in config mode.
  2. Flash: Cisco IOS software.
  3. ROM: Bootstrap program.
  4. NVRAM: Startup Configuration. Stores the initial config used anytime the switch reloads Cisco IOS.
25
Q

What would you type in the global configure mode to encrypt all passwords in a switch?

A

service password-encryption

26
Q

You can use “enable secret” to create password in ______ mode

A

configuration global

27
Q

When in configure mode, you can delete privilege password by entering command:

A

“no enable password”, and “no enable secret”.

28
Q

When both enable secret and enable password are set, which password would user use to get into the power user mode?

A

The password set by the enable secret.

29
Q

Who is the only one that has access to enable mode when there is no password set?

A

Console.

30
Q

What is the difference between using the password command and the secret command?

A

Secret command will hide or code the password differently to provide better security.

31
Q

What are advantages of setting up smaller VLAN(broadcast domain).

A
  1. reduce CPU overhead on each device(less broadcast frames).
  2. Reduce security risk, less copies of broadcast frames.
  3. Improve security by separate hosts.
  4. flexible design by user groups.
  5. isolate problematic devices in a VLAN.
  6. Reduce workload for STP by limiting a VLAN to a single access switch.
32
Q

When and why would we use VLAN Trunking?

A

When creating a VLAN with multiple switches. It allows multiple VLANs to pass frames through a single physical link between two switches by adding a small header to the Ethernet link.

33
Q

When VLAN trunking, SW1 adds a VLAN _______ to the original Ethernet frame and list the ________ in it. SW2 then remove the VLAN _______ and forward the frame into the correct interface.

A

Header; VLAN ID; header.

34
Q

After the Inter-Switch Link(ISL), which Trunking protocol has came into play?

A

802.1Q Protocol.

35
Q

The 802.1Q trunking does not add header to native VLAN, usually VLAN ___. The function of native VLAN is to communicate with ______________________.

A

switches that do not understand 802.1Q protocol

36
Q

What is the difference between a layer 2 switch and a layer 3 switch?

A

Layer 2 switches does not do routing. Layer 2 switches does not forward data(frames) between subnets.

37
Q

Trunking will work between(list three):

A
  1. a switch and a switch,
  2. a router and a switch(router on a stick).
  3. server hardware and a switch.
38
Q

What does “show vlan brief” do?

A

It shows which interface is used in which vlan.

39
Q

What are the three modes of VLAN Trunking Protocol(VTP)?

A

server, client and transparent.

40
Q

How can we tell is our VTP is disable or enable?

A

Use CLI “show vtp status”

41
Q

What does Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) do?

A

negotiate between switches for which protocol to use(802.1Q or ISL). AND whether the two devices on the link agree to trunk at all.

42
Q

How can we assign modes to an interface?

A

Use CLI “switchport mode access/trunk/dynamic desirable/dynamic auto”

43
Q

When do we use Cisco Discovery Protocol(CDP)?

A

to learn about the network topology during troubleshooting, to predict normal operation of the network. “show cdp neighbors detail”

44
Q

“show interface status” and “show interface description” can help us to identify the__________ of an interface failure.

A

Root cause

45
Q

When both device use autonegotiation they will use_______. If both do not autonegotiate, they will use________. If one is autonegotiable and the other is not then it will:

A

full-duplex, half duplex.

  1. if speed is not known, use 10 Mbps and half duplex.
  2. if speed is sensed at 10 or 100 Mbps, default to half duplex.
  3. if speed is sensed at 1,000 Mbps, default to full duplex.

CCNA (7 decks)

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