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IELTS > ET environment > Flashcards

ET environment Flashcards

1
Q

to enact laws on environmental protection

A

to make a proposal into a law

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2
Q

to increase public awareness of

A

to make people more conscious of

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3
Q

noise pollution

A

harmful or annoying levels of noise, as from industries, airplanes etc

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4
Q

sewage

A

waste substances removed from houses and other buildings by a system of large underground pipes called sewers

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5
Q

shrinking habitats

A

places where animals live and breed which are decreasing in size

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6
Q

carbon dioxide emissions

A

carbon dioxide gas from factories, cars, etc.

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7
Q

population growth exerts severe pressure on finite resources

A

resources existing only in limited amounts

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8
Q

the worst case scenario

A

the worst possibility for the future

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9
Q

pristine environment

A

perfectly clean, unspoilt area

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10
Q

organic

A

without chemicals

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11
Q

herbicides

A

chemicals used for killing weeds

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12
Q

a recurring problem

A

a problem happening again and again

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13
Q

an enduring solution

A

a solution that can last for a long time

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14
Q

a vicious circle

A

a process in which the existence of a problem causes other problems, and this makes the original problem worse

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15
Q

to dispose of sth

A

to get rid of something

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16
Q

an adverse effect

A

a negative influence

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17
Q

a non-biodegradable material

A

a material that cannot be separated into very small parts by bacteria so that they are not harmful to the environment

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18
Q

a reusable material

A

a material that can be used again

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19
Q

to use sth wastefully

A

not to care how something is used

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20
Q

the biosphere

A

the parts of the Earth’s surface and atmosphere where plant and animal life can exist

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21
Q

an endangered species

A

a species of animal or plant that is seriously at risk of extinction

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22
Q

a dynamic equilibrium

A

a state of balance between continuing processes

23
Q

to cause irreversible damage

A

to cause damage that cannot be brought back

24
Q

the greenhouse effect

A

:D

25
Q

car emissions

A

a gas from cars that goes into the air

26
Q

exhaust fumes

A

:D

27
Q

soil erosion

A

the process of soil being gradually damaged by water

28
Q

desertification

A

the process by which fertile land become desert

29
Q

groundwater contamination

A

dirty or polluted groundwater

30
Q

sea water desalination

A

the process of removing salt from sea water so that the water can be used

31
Q

chemical fertiliser

A

a natural or chemical substance added to soil in order to help plants grow

32
Q

acid rain

A

rain containing a high level of acid that can damage the environment

33
Q

to be saturated with

A

has much of a solid substance as possible mixed in it as part of the liquid

34
Q

to upset the ecosystem

A

to unbalance the ecosystem

35
Q

to redress the ecological balance

A

to improve the ecological balance

36
Q

industrial waste

A

waste produced by industrial activity

37
Q

at the expense of sth

A

if one thing exists or happens at the expense of another, the second thing suffers or is not done properly because of the first

38
Q

a natural disaster

A

a natural event such as a flood, earthquake or hurricane

39
Q

an ecological degradation

A

the process of the ecosystem changing into a worse condition

40
Q

oil shortage

A

the lack of oil supply in the world

41
Q

to be in short supply

A

available only in small quantities, so that there is not enough

42
Q

fossil fuel

A

a fuel such as coal or oil, made from decayed material from animals or plants that lived many thousands of years ago

43
Q

solar energy

A

energy that uses the power of the Sun’s light and heat to produce electricity

44
Q

wind energy

A

electrical energy obtained from harnessing the wind with windmills or wind turbines

45
Q

light pollution

A

brightening of the night sky caused by street lights and other man-made sources

46
Q

to be a nuisance

A

to be annoying and a continuing problem

47
Q

to be plagued with

A

to be troubled or distressed by

48
Q

a rapid industrialization

A

a quick development of industries on a wide scale

49
Q

an integrated solution

A

a complete solution

50
Q

major contributors to

A

main reasons for

51
Q

to be conscious of your surroundings

A

to be aware of your environment

52
Q

human interference with the environment

A

people’s involvement in the environment

53
Q

ozone depletion

A

the reduction of ozone layer

54
Q

the destruction of marine life

A

the destruction of what is living in the sea

IELTS (21 decks)

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