Estimation, Hypothesis Testing for One Sample

Question 1

Inferential Statistics?

Answer 1

drawing conclusions about a population based on the information in a sample

Question 2

Parameter?

Answer 2

-measured characteristic of a population

Question 3

Statistic?

Answer 3

-measured characteristic of a sample

Question 4

Point Estimate? estimate of population mean?

Answer 4

-single value used to approximate a population parameter -uses a sample data to calculate a single value -estimate of population mean= sample mean

Question 5

Interval Estimate?

Answer 5

-2 numerical values defining a range that with a specified degree of confidence, includes the parameter being estimated

Question 6

T- distribution factor?

Answer 6

-use if we are not given the standard deviation

Question 7

Hypothesis?

Answer 7

-statement or claim about a population

Question 8

Hypothesis Testing?

Answer 8

• determine whether or not the available data are compatible with the statement
• aids in making a conclusion about a population y examine a sample from the population

Question 9

Null Hypothesis?

Alternative Hypothesis?

Answer 9

Ho= states that a population parameter is equal to a certain value
HA= hypothesis that contradicts Ho (OFTEN WHAT YOU HOPE TO SHOW)
-both cover all possible values of the parameters under study

Question 10

Is Ho not proven if is is not rejected?

Answer 10

no, either due to insufficient data to show Ho is false

Question 11

3 steps in the Fisher Method of determining Ho and HA?

Answer 11

1. state the claim
2. state the counter claim
3. assign the claim with he equality to Ho and the remaining claim to HA

Question 12

Ho true?

Ho false?

Answer 12

Ho true= do not reject Ho

Ho false= reject Ho

Question 13

Type 1 error?

Type 2 error?

Answer 13

Ho is true, but it is rejected

Ho is false but it is not rejected

Question 14

Z-critical point and type 1 error?

Answer 14

z-critical value is the trigger point, point at which you reject the null hypothesis (type 1 error)

Question 15

5-Steps to Hypothesis Testing?

Answer 15

1. define null and alternative hypothesis
2. specify test statistic
3. set up decision rule
4. calculate test statistic
5. make statistical decision

Question 16

P-Value?

Answer 16

-probability of obtaining a test statistic equal to or higher than the one observed if Ho is true

Question 17

Large P values=?

Small P values=?

Answer 17

Large p-values= Ho is quite plausible given the data

Small p-values= Ho is implausible

Question 18

P-value vs critical value?

Answer 18

• Reject Ho if p-value is less than a (the value that you are catering Ho is correct ie. a=0.05= 95% sure) (for fishers approach)
• Reject Ho if test statistic is greater than the critical value
• p-value and critical value are equivalent in terms of the decision to reject Ho
• P-value is often preferred as it indicated strength go the evidence