Basic Concepts and Definitions, Data, Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

2 Categories of Statistics?

A

Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics

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2
Q

Descriptive statistics?

Inferential statistics?

A

DS- collection, organization, summarization and presentation of data
IS- drawing of inferences about a larger group of data from a sample of the data

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3
Q

Data?

A

raw material of statistics, usually defined as numbers

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4
Q

2 types of numbers used in statistics come from?

A

taking of a measurement and the process of counting

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5
Q

Variable?

A

characteristic that takes on different values in different persons, places or things

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6
Q

Dependent Variable?

A

outcome of interest, should change in response to some intervention

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7
Q

Independent Variable?

A

intervention, what is being manipulated. variable that has an effect on the dependent variable

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8
Q

Quantitative variable?

A

one that can be measured

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9
Q

Qualitative variable?

A

cannot be measured. should be categorized

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10
Q

Discrete variable?

A

has numbers that can assume only whole numbers (ex; eye colour, head hairs lost, hospital visits)

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11
Q

Continuous variable?

A

may take any value within a defined range (ex; height, weight, BP)

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12
Q

Random variable values?

A

obtained as a result of a chance factor, not predicted in advance

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13
Q

Nominal Scale?

A

simplest type of data, values fall into unordered categories

-categories are mutually exclusive

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14
Q

Are nominal values continuous or discrete?

A

discrete

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15
Q

Numbers in the nominal scale?

A

used to distinguish b/w categories, has no mathematical meaning

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16
Q

Ordinal Scale?

A

observations can be put into categories and can be ranked according to some criterion

17
Q

Are ordinal scales continuous or discrete?

A

discrete

18
Q

Numbers in the ordinal scale?

A

have no mathematical meaning and are used to distinguish b/w categories

19
Q

The interval scale?

A

not only possible to order measurements, but also the distance b/w any 3 measurements is known
distance b/w measurements are equal

20
Q

Are interval scales continuous or discrete?

A

continuous

21
Q

“zero” in the interval scale?

A

may not necessarily mean a true zero

22
Q

numbers and ratios in the interval scale?

A

differences b/w numbers are meaningful, ratios b/w numbers are not

23
Q

The ratio scale?

A

highest level of measurement

24
Q

“zero” in the ratio scale?

A

can be a true zero

25
Q

Are ratio variables continuous or discrete?

A

continuous

26
Q

Intervals and ratios in the ratio scale?

A

both meaningful

27
Q

Absolute frequency?

A

number of things in a category/ count

28
Q

Relative frequency?

A

percentage of the total

29
Q

Bar graphs? Y axis=? X axis=?

A

best at comparing two or more groups
Y axis= frequency
X axis= stage/ category

30
Q

Do histograms have continuous or discrete variables? how can you tell?

A

continuous

bars are put together and not spread apart

31
Q

When is it good to use a scatter plot?

A

when you have 2 continuous variables to identify the difference

32
Q

Which scale does scatterplots use and why?

A

Ratio scale. relationship b/w two things

33
Q

Do steam and leaf plots have discrete or continuous variables?

A

continuous

34
Q

Q2=? (thick line)
Q1=?
Q3=?
IQR=?

A
Q2= median
Q1= 25% of data is bellow this line (75 is above this line)
Q3= 75 percent of the data is bellow this line (25% is above this line)
IQR= Q3-Q1 (difference b/w Q1 and Q3
35
Q

What type of data sets would you use box and whisker plots for?

A

continuous data sets