Basic Concepts and Definitions, Data, Presentations

Question 1

2 Categories of Statistics?

Answer 1

Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics

Question 2

Descriptive statistics?

Inferential statistics?

Answer 2

DS- collection, organization, summarization and presentation of data
IS- drawing of inferences about a larger group of data from a sample of the data

Question 3

Data?

Answer 3

raw material of statistics, usually defined as numbers

Question 4

2 types of numbers used in statistics come from?

Answer 4

taking of a measurement and the process of counting

Question 5

Variable?

Answer 5

characteristic that takes on different values in different persons, places or things

Question 6

Dependent Variable?

Answer 6

outcome of interest, should change in response to some intervention

Question 7

Independent Variable?

Answer 7

intervention, what is being manipulated. variable that has an effect on the dependent variable

Question 8

Quantitative variable?

Answer 8

one that can be measured

Question 9

Qualitative variable?

Answer 9

cannot be measured. should be categorized

Question 10

Discrete variable?

Answer 10

has numbers that can assume only whole numbers (ex; eye colour, head hairs lost, hospital visits)

Question 11

Continuous variable?

Answer 11

may take any value within a defined range (ex; height, weight, BP)

Question 12

Random variable values?

Answer 12

obtained as a result of a chance factor, not predicted in advance

Question 13

Nominal Scale?

Answer 13

simplest type of data, values fall into unordered categories

-categories are mutually exclusive

Question 14

Are nominal values continuous or discrete?

Answer 14

discrete

Question 15

Numbers in the nominal scale?

Answer 15

used to distinguish b/w categories, has no mathematical meaning

Question 16

Ordinal Scale?

Answer 16

observations can be put into categories and can be ranked according to some criterion

Question 17

Are ordinal scales continuous or discrete?

Answer 17

discrete

Question 18

Numbers in the ordinal scale?

Answer 18

have no mathematical meaning and are used to distinguish b/w categories

Question 19

The interval scale?

Answer 19

not only possible to order measurements, but also the distance b/w any 3 measurements is known
distance b/w measurements are equal

Question 20

Are interval scales continuous or discrete?

Answer 20

continuous

Question 21

“zero” in the interval scale?

Answer 21

may not necessarily mean a true zero

Question 22

numbers and ratios in the interval scale?

Answer 22

differences b/w numbers are meaningful, ratios b/w numbers are not

Question 23

The ratio scale?

Answer 23

highest level of measurement

Question 24

“zero” in the ratio scale?

Answer 24

can be a true zero

Question 25

Are ratio variables continuous or discrete?

Answer 25

continuous

Question 26

Intervals and ratios in the ratio scale?

Answer 26

both meaningful

Question 27

Absolute frequency?

Answer 27

number of things in a category/ count

Question 28

Relative frequency?

Answer 28

percentage of the total

Question 29

Bar graphs? Y axis=? X axis=?

Answer 29

best at comparing two or more groups Y axis= frequency X axis= stage/ category

Question 30

Do histograms have continuous or discrete variables? how can you tell?

Answer 30

continuous | bars are put together and not spread apart

Question 31

When is it good to use a scatter plot?

Answer 31

when you have 2 continuous variables to identify the difference

Question 32

Which scale does scatterplots use and why?

Answer 32

Ratio scale. relationship b/w two things

Question 33

Do steam and leaf plots have discrete or continuous variables?

Answer 33

continuous

Question 34

Q2=? (thick line) Q1=? Q3=? IQR=?

Answer 34

``` Q2= median Q1= 25% of data is bellow this line (75 is above this line) Q3= 75 percent of the data is bellow this line (25% is above this line) IQR= Q3-Q1 (difference b/w Q1 and Q3 ```

Question 35

What type of data sets would you use box and whisker plots for?

Answer 35

continuous data sets