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Biostatistics > Estimation > Flashcards

Estimation Flashcards

1
Q

will be used to estimate the average income of the entire households in the city

A

sample mean

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2
Q

. In other words, when a parameter of a given population is unknown, a sample data can be collected and used to make an ___of that unknown parameter.

A

estimate

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3
Q

is the use of a suitable statistic and computes its value from a given sample data

A

point estimation

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4
Q

The statistic use is called the

A

point estimator

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5
Q

and the value of the statistic is called the

A

point estimate

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6
Q

is the point estimator of the of the population parameter mean µ.

A

x ̅

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7
Q

formula for sample mean

A

check reviewer

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8
Q

is the estimator of the of the population parameter proportion

A

p hat

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9
Q

formula of p hat

A

check reveiwer

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10
Q

interval estimation for the population mean is used when (3)

A

(a)the population variance is known,
(b) the population variance is unknown, and
(c) the Central Limit Theorem is to be used.

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11
Q

is the use of sample data to calculate a range of possible values for an unknown population parameter

A

interval estimation

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12
Q

Unlike the point estimation that uses single value, interval estimation uses

A

interval value

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13
Q

In practice, interval estimation is a better way to estimate parameters than point estimation due to

A

sampling error

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14
Q

In the Philippines the National Statistics Office (NSO) conducts census every after ___years.

A

three

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15
Q

provide parameters that characterizes the status of the country. Examples are gender statistics, average household income, average household size, etc. However, this process requires a lot of time and resources.

A

census

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16
Q

NSO meaning

A

National Statistics Office

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17
Q

The interval 11320≤μ≤22580 is the

A

confidence interval

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18
Q

The lower limit of the interval, 11320, and the upper limit, 22580, are called the

A

confidence limits

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19
Q

. The 95% level of confidence is called the

A

confidence level

20
Q

usual confidence level if no given

A

0.05

21
Q

The 5% level of error committed in estimating the mean is known as

A

alpha (a)

22
Q

is used to calculate an interval of possible values of the unknown population mean, µ, using sample data with some degree of confidence

A

interval estimation

23
Q

fomrula for confidence interval (z-table)

A

check your reviewer

24
Q

Given the following: x ̅=10, σ2=9, n=64

Z0.025 = 1.96

A

=9.265≤μ≤10.735

25
Q

states that as the sample size n increases or becomes large the sampling distribution of the mean approaches normal distribution.

A

central limit theorem

26
Q

We can assume that s2 = σ2 holds true when the sample size is large enough

how much n

A

n>30

27
Q

Because of this assumption, when the variance σ2 is unknown but the sample size is large, the ____ can be used to replace the σ2 in calculating confidence interval for mean µ.

A

sample variance

28
Q

is a probability distribution use to estimate population means when the sample size is small and variance is unknown but the distribution is assumed to be normal

A

t-distribution
or student’s t-distribution

29
Q

who derived t-distribution

A

William S. Gosset (1908)

30
Q

formula for t-statistic

A

see formula in reviewer

31
Q

formula of confidence interval using t-test

A

see reviewer

32
Q

states that if a sample of size n (sufficiently large enough) is randomly selected from a population of size N, and the number of x successes are observed, then the sampling distribution of the proportion p ̂ approaches a normal distribution

A

central limit theorem

33
Q

. Note that n is sufficiently large if

A

np≥10 and n(1-p)≥10

34
Q

population proportion formula

A

see reviewer

35
Q

confidence interval for population proportion p

A

see reviewer for details

36
Q

is the difference of the lower limit and the upper limit of the confidence interval.

A

length of an interval

37
Q

length of an interval formula

A

Length=UL-LL

38
Q

error formula

A

see reviewer

39
Q

is any statistic whose value is used to estimate an unknown parameter

A

estimator

40
Q

a realized value of an estimator is called an

A

estimate

41
Q

single value used to represent the parameter of interest

A

point estimate

42
Q

it corresponds to a single point in the real number line

A

point estimate

43
Q

a rule that tells us how to calculate two numbers based on a sample data, forming an interval within which the parameter is expected to lie

A

interval estimator

44
Q

pair of numbers (a,b) is caled an

A

interval estimate

45
Q

degree of certainty attached to an interval estimate for the unknown paramter

A

1-a

Biostatistics (6 decks)

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