Estim Flashcards
positive side
anode
Electron ion deficient
negative side
Cathode
Electron ion rich
conventional tens sensory fibers
50 to 80 µs for a beta sensory fiber stimulation
Tingling
NMES smaller muscles
125-200 microseconds
NMES larger muscles
200-350 microseconds
acupuncture like
150 to 300 µs
For muscle and a Delta fiber stimulation
Frequency for slow pulses and muscle twitches
2 to 10 PPS
Acupuncture like
frequency for tetanic contraction
35 to 50 pps
Can be slightly higher for comfort for larger muscles up to 80 and as low as 20 for smaller muscles
NMES
Frequency for tingling
100-150 pps
conventional tens
Activate a beta
higher frequency means
Lower impedance
More comfortable
Deeper tissue penetration
larger electrodes
Decreases current density
move electrodes further apart to
Increases depth of treatment and spreads the effects
increase frequency to
Decreases impedance and therefore increases depth of treatment
decrease pulse duration to
Shift left on strength duration curve
Orthodromic
propagation of an impulse along a conduction system in the direction, it normally travels
antidromic
propagation of an impulse along a con conduction system in the direction opposite to that which it normally travels
Occurs artificially during electrical stimulation based on location of stimulation on nerve
indications for Estim
Control and relieve pain
Reduce the amount and dependency on pain medication
provide the patient a more active role in their pain management
Increase functional movement and mobility with less discomfort
relative contraindications for estim
Demand cardiac pacemaker
Implantable defibrillator
unstable arrhythmia
Don’t do it near carotid sinus , Venus arterial thrombosis
Pregnancy - low back or abdomen
contraindication specific to TENS
Do not use electrically stimulated muscle contractions with muscle contractions may disrupt healing
General precautions for all e stim
impaired mental
Cardiac disease
Impaired sensation
Areas of skin irritation
Allergies to adhesive
General precaution specific to TENS
Malignant tumors
Areas of open wounds
TENS v interferential current similarities
Used for assisting with pain control
Use alternating current
Control and endogenous opiated release mechanisms
Modulation to reduce accommodation
TENS v inferential current differences
IFC uses carrier frequency
TENS can use 2 or 4 electrodes
IFC Requires 4electrodes
TNS can use any electrode arrangement
TNS is often cheaper
interferential current explained
To medium frequency, AC current interfering with each other
Heterodyne blending two different carrier frequencies that are out of phase
Frequency can be modulated in device
Settings mimic TNS modes
To be more comfortable and cover a larger area
