Estim

Question 1

positive side

Answer 1

anode
Electron ion deficient

Question 2

negative side

Answer 2

Cathode
Electron ion rich

Question 3

conventional tens sensory fibers

Answer 3

50 to 80 µs for a beta sensory fiber stimulation

Tingling

Question 4

NMES smaller muscles

Answer 4

125-200 microseconds

Question 5

NMES larger muscles

Answer 5

200-350 microseconds

Question 6

acupuncture like

Answer 6

150 to 300 µs
For muscle and a Delta fiber stimulation

Question 7

Frequency for slow pulses and muscle twitches

Answer 7

2 to 10 PPS

Acupuncture like

Question 8

frequency for tetanic contraction

Answer 8

35 to 50 pps

Can be slightly higher for comfort for larger muscles up to 80 and as low as 20 for smaller muscles

NMES

Question 9

Frequency for tingling

Answer 9

100-150 pps
conventional tens

Activate a beta

Question 10

higher frequency means

Answer 10

Lower impedance
More comfortable
Deeper tissue penetration

Question 11

larger electrodes

Answer 11

Decreases current density

Question 12

move electrodes further apart to

Answer 12

Increases depth of treatment and spreads the effects

Question 13

increase frequency to

Answer 13

Decreases impedance and therefore increases depth of treatment

Question 14

decrease pulse duration to

Answer 14

Shift left on strength duration curve

Question 15

Orthodromic

Answer 15

propagation of an impulse along a conduction system in the direction, it normally travels

Question 16

antidromic

Answer 16

propagation of an impulse along a con conduction system in the direction opposite to that which it normally travels

Occurs artificially during electrical stimulation based on location of stimulation on nerve

Question 17

indications for Estim

Answer 17

Control and relieve pain

Reduce the amount and dependency on pain medication

provide the patient a more active role in their pain management

Increase functional movement and mobility with less discomfort

Question 18

relative contraindications for estim

Answer 18

Demand cardiac pacemaker
Implantable defibrillator
unstable arrhythmia
Don’t do it near carotid sinus , Venus arterial thrombosis
Pregnancy - low back or abdomen

Question 19

contraindication specific to TENS

Answer 19

Do not use electrically stimulated muscle contractions with muscle contractions may disrupt healing

Question 20

General precautions for all e stim

Answer 20

impaired mental
Cardiac disease

Impaired sensation
Areas of skin irritation
Allergies to adhesive

Question 21

General precaution specific to TENS

Answer 21

Malignant tumors
Areas of open wounds

Question 22

TENS v interferential current similarities

Answer 22

Used for assisting with pain control
Use alternating current
Control and endogenous opiated release mechanisms
Modulation to reduce accommodation

Question 23

TENS v inferential current differences

Answer 23

IFC uses carrier frequency
TENS can use 2 or 4 electrodes
IFC Requires 4electrodes
TNS can use any electrode arrangement
TNS is often cheaper

Question 24

interferential current explained

Answer 24

To medium frequency, AC current interfering with each other

Heterodyne blending two different carrier frequencies that are out of phase

Frequency can be modulated in device
Settings mimic TNS modes

To be more comfortable and cover a larger area

Question 25

TENS electrode placement

Answer 25

Crisscross
Parallel
Bracket
Unilateral
Sandwiched

Avoid placement over
Transcranial
Genitalia
Spinal column

Question 26

interferential electrode replacement

Answer 26

crisscross only

Question 27

conventional settings for TNS and IFC

Answer 27

Pulse duration- 50 to 80 µs
Frequency - 100 to 150 Hz
Amplitude - strong but comfortable
Treatment duration - at at least 15 minutes up to 24 hours
Mechanism of action - gate control
Analgesia duration - immediate relief

Question 28

TENS and IFC low rate settings

Answer 28

acupuncture like
Brief, sharp pain through repetitive muscle twitches, and stimulation of a Delta fiber

Pulse duration- 150 to 300 µs
Frequency -2 to 10 Hz
amplitude-strong visible muscle contraction
Treatment duration - 20 to 30 minutes
endogenous opioids release
analgesia- up to five hours