Esthetics Flashcards
esthetics refers to:
- the philosophy study of beauty and taste
- the perception of the beautiful in nature and art
- relating to the study of the principles of beauty
what are the 3 main categories of esthetics
- facial esthetics
- dentofacial esthetics
- dental esthetics
what is included in facial esthetics
- occlusal vertical dimension
- facial lower 1/3
- lip support: rickett’s E plane and nasolabial angle
what is included in dental esthetics
- width:height proportion
- tooth:tooth proportion
- gingiva: papilla height and zeinth positions
- embrasures
- tooth long axis
what is included in dentofacial esthetics
- smile analysis
- anterior tooth display
- dental midline
- occlusal plane
what does intercanine width correspond to
inner canthus and ala of nose
what is the E plane and what does it assess
- a line drawn from the tip of the nose to the tip of the chin
- assesses how the upper and lower lip related to that line
what is the ideal Ricketts face
the lower lip would be 2mm behind the line and the upper lip 4mm behind the line with variations being normal for different ethnic backgrounds but with some commonalities applying to all patients
the closer the lips are to the E plane:
the lips and teeth will dominate the smile with the nose and chin appearing weak
the farther behind the plane the lips are:
the more likely the nose and chin will dominate the smile
what constitutes concave and convex nasolabial angle
- convex: greater than 90 degree
- concave: less than 90 degrees
what is the ideal width to height ratio for central incisors
- ideal width: 8.5-9.0mm
- ideal height: 10.5 - 11mm
what is a “pleasing” relationship between width and height of central incisors
between 75-85%
for the proportion of central incisors:
the width is divided by the height
what other factors impact length decision for central incisors
- wear
- posterior occlusal support
- protrusive
- canine guidance
where is there inclincation
ideally the long axis of the teeth toward the midline
the incisal and occlusal segments of the facial surfaces have ____ inclincation
lingual
lingual inclination of posterior teeth can create ______ creating a noticeable and unesthetic space or lack of space when a person smiles
negative space
interproximal contacts are situated more ____ from anterior to posterior
cervically
embrasure become larger from_____
anterior to posterior
what is the 50:40:30 rule
contact dimension between: centrals, centrals and laterals, and laterals and canines
most gingival papilla proportions are around _____ of the tooth length
40%
what can impact embrasure and papilla height
shape of teeth
describe the gingival zenith of central incisors and canines
they are in a line parallel to the interpupillary line
describe zenith of centrals
distal to tooth vertical midline
describe zenith of laterals
distal to tooth vertical midline
describe zenith of canines
in line with vertical midline
what is the golden proportion
a comparative ratio used to determine sizes of maxillary anterior teeth
what is the golden proportion for central, lateral and canine
- central: 9mm
- lateral: 9 x 0.618 = 5.56mm
- canine: 5.56 x 0.618 = 3.44mm
what is the alternative tooth proportion ratio for central, lateral and canine
- central: 100%
- lateral: 65%
- canine: 85%
central incisor is _____ width to length
79%
what are the 3 common mistakes made when replacing maxillary anterior teeth
- flat facial aspect of the central incisors
- lateral incisor is too wide OR lateral incisor is too narrow
- flat incisal plane
if centrals are widened they will most likely need to be:
elongated for proportion
what characteristics do we examine in analyzing a persons smile-
- smile line: can be high, average, low
- parallelism of maxillary incisal curve with lower lip
- position of the incisal curve relative to touching the lower lip
- the number of teeth displayed in the smile
what is included in a smile analysis
- overall length of maxillary teeth are displayed
- interproximal gingiva shows
- incisal curvature parallels the lip curvature
- incisal curvature totally or slightly touches lower lip- within 2mm
- 6 maxillary anterior and 2nd premolars are displayed
- maxillary midline coincides with a harmonious balance of smile
describe the incisal curve
- incisal edges of the maxillary anterior teeth
- parallels the inner curvature of the lower lip and interpupillary line
- perpendicular to the facial/dental midline
describe the incisal edge position in the incisal curve
- central incisors and canines lie on the same curved line
- incisal edges of laterals are 1mm short of this line
- follows curve of lower lip
- incisal curve touches the lower lip or within 2mm
describe a full smile
lip moves to incisor tooth-gingiva interface
- 80% of young people show entire length of central incisors
describe the low lip line
less than 75% incisors showing with no gingival display
women have high smile line ____ as often as men
twice
what is another name for maxillary excessive gingival display
gummy smile
what are the reasons for maxillary excessive gingival display
- hyperactive lip
- vertical maxillary excess
- altered passive eruption
- dentoalveolar extrusion
what is the normal movement of the upper lip
6-8mm
what is the hyperactive lip movement
up to 2 times the normal lip movementw
what is vertical maxillary excess
maxilla height is higher than normal
- skeletal issue
what is dentoalveolar extrusion
over eruption of gingiva and bone due to conditions like tooth wear
what is altered passive eruption
a condition in which the free gingival margin fails to recede during tooth eruption to a level apical to the cervical convexity of the clinical crown
what is the average length of maxillary incisor exposed at rest for females and males
- females: 3.5mm
- males: 2.0mm
what is the average length of maxillary incisor exposed at rest for younger persons and older persons
- younger: 3.4mm
- older: 1.25mm
where do “F” and “V” sounds touch and what is this used to determine
inner edge of vermillion border on the wet-dry line
- area used to determine position of incisal 1/3 of anterior maxillary incisors
where does “S” sound touch and what is it used to determine
- mandibular incisal edge is 1mm behind and below maxillary incisal edge
- used to determine vertical dimension of speech
describe the dental midline
the maxillary midline coincides with the facial midline and is perpendicular to the interpupillary line
matching the maxillary midline to _____ is preferred but not always possible
mandibular midline
a maxillary midline deviation of ____ was necessary before ortho rated it significantly less esthetic than the others
4mm
orthodontists, general dentists and lay people can identify a ___ discrepancy in crown angulation
2mm
what is campers plane
a plane extending from the inferior border of the ala of the nose to the inferior point on the border of the tragus
the _______ typically coincides with campers plane
dental occlusal plane
what is the interpupillary line a reference for
incisal plane
the more distal in the arch, the ________ variations become
less noticeable
leaving a diastema is a:
personal preference
to treat a diastema, consider:
orthodontic movement as a conservative treatment first
where can left over space be hidden after doing crowns
behind canines
