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Fixed Pros II > Erosion, Abrasion, and Attrition > Flashcards

Erosion, Abrasion, and Attrition Flashcards

1
Q

what is tooth wear

A

the general term used for the surface loss of dental hard tissues from cause other than developmental ones, dental caries, and trauma

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2
Q

normal vertical loss of enamel resulting from natural wear is about _____

A

65 micrometers per year

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3
Q

what are the categories of tooth wear

A
  • attrition
  • abrasion
  • abfraction
  • erosion or corrosion
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4
Q

what is attrition

A

the mechanical wear resulting from mastication or parafunction, limited to contacting surfaces of the teeth

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5
Q

attrition is related to:

A

the aging process

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6
Q

what is the etiology of attrition

A

due to many factors and is accelerated by extrinsic factors such as coarse diet, chewing tobacco, parafunctional habits of clenching and bruxism, traumatic occlusion in the partially edentulous dentition, anterior open bite, and anterior teeth in edge to edge relationship or crossbite

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7
Q

what is abrasion

A

an abnormal wearing of the tooth substance by some unusual or abnormal mechanical process of independent of mastication and occlusion

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8
Q

what is the etiology of abrasion

A

foreign objects or substances repeatedly contacting the tooth surface

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9
Q

what is an example of abrasion

A

overzealous horizontal tooth brushing with an abrasive dentrifice produces a rounded or v-shaped ditch on the facial aspects of teeth at the CEJ

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10
Q

what is the clinical presentation of abrasion

A
  • most commonly effected: canines and premolars
  • biting on hard objects
  • partial clasps
  • fishermen or tailors
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11
Q

what is abfraction

A

the pathologic loss of hard tooth substance caused by biomechanical loading forces; which is the result of flexure and chemical fatigue degradation of enamel and/or dentin at some location distant from the actual point of loading

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12
Q

what is the etiology of abfraction

A

stress

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13
Q

stresses that lead to abfraction are transmitted by:

A

occlusal loading forces such as occlusal interferences, premature contacts, habits of bruxism and clenching

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14
Q

what are the appearances of abfraction lesions

A
  • wedge shaped abfraction lesions
  • saucer shaped abfraction lesion
  • mixed shaped abfraction lesion
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15
Q

what are the intraoral findings for bruxism

A
  • scalloping of the tongue
  • cheek biting
  • fractured porcelain restoration
  • cupping or cratering of occlusal surfaces
  • teeth are worn down, or chipped
  • increased tooth sensitivity (non- endo or caries related)
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16
Q

what are the reasons believed to exist as to why people clench and grind their teeth

A
  • undiagnosed sleep apnea patients are believed to clench/grind teeth as a subconscious alert to keep breathing
  • stress processing at night (night time activity)
  • stress during the day (day time activity)
  • there are the top 3 in literature, but others can and do exist to a lesser degree
  • occlusal malalignment
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17
Q

what are the tips to stop clenching your teeth

A
  • night guard aka bite guard
  • ice packs or warm compressses on your face
  • limit or stop drinking alcohol and caffeine
  • correct teeth misalignment
  • reduce stress
  • deep breathing techniques, meditation, yoga, or stretching
  • address underlying physical and mental health concerns
  • exercise
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18
Q

what are the treatments for bruxism

A
  • lucia jig anterior midpoint contact permissive splint
  • occlusal splints protect teeth against the harsh effects of clenching and grinding
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19
Q

what is erosion

A

the progressive loss of tooth substance by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action, producing defects that are wedge shaped depressions often in occlusal, facial and cervical areas

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20
Q

what is the etiology for erosion

A

acids from external and internal sources

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21
Q

what are the extrinsic factors of erosion

A
  • acidic foods such as citrus fruit, pickle, vinegar, sucking lemons, fruit juice and carbonated drinks, yogurt, herbal tea and spicy food
  • medicines such as effervescent and chewable vitamin C preparations
  • significant time swimming in chlorinated pools
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22
Q

what are the surfaces involved in erosion

A

labial surface of maxillary teeth affected
- usually lingual and occlusal surfaces of mandibular teeth

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23
Q

what is the clinical appearance of erosions

A

scooped out depressions

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24
Q

what are the intrinsic factors for erosion

A

anorexia and bulimia nervosa or regurgitation of gastric contents because of abnormalities in the GI tract, pregnancy morning sickness, and chronic alcoholism
- drugs that cause nausea and vomiting
- reduced salivary secretion and calcium and phosphorus levels

25
Q

what drugs can cause nausea or vomiting

A

estrogens, opiates, tetracyclines, levodopa, aminophylline, digitalis, and disulfiram

26
Q

what is the appearance for erosion

A

concave depression involving the entire surface

27
Q

describe the attrition-abfraction combined mechanism

A

the joint action of stress and friction when teeth are in tooth-to-tooth contact, as in bruxism or repetitive clenching

28
Q

describe abrasion-abfraction combined mechanism

A

the loss of tooth substance caused by friction from an external material on an area in which stress concentration is due to loading forces. may cause tooth substance to break away

29
Q

what are the multifactorial etiologies for erosion, abrasion and attrition

A
  • stress
  • corrosion
  • friction
30
Q

what are the consequences of tooth wear

A
  • sensitvity to temperature
  • collapsed vertical dimension of occlusion
  • chipping/breaking of tooth structure
  • higher incidence of caries due to exposed dentin
  • difficulty in restoring teeth without opening VDO
  • esthetic appearance
  • supra eruption of teeth, bone, and gingiva
31
Q

what are the 3 main consequences of tooth wear

A
  • loss of vertical dimension of occlusion
  • compromised esthetics
  • occlusal discrepancies
32
Q

describe amelogenesis imperfecta and what its characterized by

A
  • hereditary defect of dental enamel
  • characterized by early loss of enamel with rapid attrition of tooth structure
33
Q

what are the 3 distinct classifications of amelogenesis imperfecta

A
  • hypoplastic
  • hypomaturation
  • hypocalcified
34
Q

describe hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta

A

the enamel has only 1/8 to 1/4 of the normal thickness

35
Q

describe hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta

A

the enamel has normal thickness but is softer than normal and tends to fracture away from dentin

36
Q

describe hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta

A

the enamel is normal thickness but is extremely friable and frequently lost soon after tooth eruption

37
Q

describe dentinogenesis imperfecta

A
  • hereditary trait
  • characterized by short roots and lack of pulp chambers and yellow appearance of teeth
38
Q

what are the 3 distinct classifications of dentinogenesis imperfecta

A
  • type 1
  • type 2
  • type 3
39
Q

describe type 1 dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

associated with osteogenesis imperfecta, lack of pulp and no family history

40
Q

describe type 2 dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

NOT associated with osteogenesis imperfecta, lack of pulp, and no family history

41
Q

desribe type 3 dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

NOT associated with osteogenesis imperfecta, large pulps, positive family history

42
Q

what information do you need to gather to treat tooth wear

A
  • accurate patient health history
  • clinical examination
  • radiographs
  • mounted diagnostic casts
  • intra-oral photographs
  • TMJ evaluation
  • follow up questions
43
Q

what causes chemical tooth wear

A
  • fruit sucking
  • chronic regurgitation, eating disorders, gastric acid reflux, chronic alcoholism
  • soda swishing
  • fruit mulling
44
Q

where is tooth wear found from fruit sucking

A

facial surface of maxillary anterior- anterior tooth wear greater than posterior

45
Q

where is tooth wear seen with chronic regurgitation, eating disorder, gastric acid reflux, chronic alcoholism

A

lingual surface of maxillary anterior
- anterior tooth wear greater than posterior

46
Q

where is tooth wear found from soda swishing

A

occlusal surface of mandibular first molars
- posterior tooth wear greater than anterior

47
Q

where is tooth wear found from fruit mulling

A

occlusal surface of all posterior teeth
- posterior tooth wear greater than anterior

48
Q

what are the causes of mechanical tooth wear

A
  • inadequate/unstable posterior occlusion
  • chronic bruxism
  • toothbrush or dentrifice misuse
  • miscellaneous causes, environmental, parafunctional habits
49
Q

where is inadequate/unstable posterior occlusion seen with tooth wear

A
  • posterior tooth loss, malposition or interferences
  • anterior tooth wearr
50
Q

where is chronic bruxism seen in tooth wear

A

-occlusal incisal wear facets match on the cast
- progressively greater occlusal wear from anterior to posterior

51
Q

what are the 5 important factors to consider in tooth wear

A
  • pattern of tooth wear and the surfaces involved
  • available inter occlusal space
  • available restorative space for dental restorations proposed
  • the quantity and quality of available hard tissue and enamel respectively
  • esthetic demands of the patient
52
Q

what material wears most similar to natural enamel

A

gold

53
Q

what material causes the greatest amount of wear on opposing teeth

A

glass reinforced ceramic

54
Q

______ causes less wear than glazed zirconia

A

polished zirconia

55
Q

polishing of _______ is vital to reduce tooth wear

A

zirconia, ceramics, or gold

56
Q

what are the reasons to treat non carious cervical lesions

A
  • tooth has temperature sensitivity
  • dentin discoloration is unesthetic
  • plaque accumulation
57
Q

what are the treatment considerations for NCCL

A
  • bruxing
  • clender/grinder
  • liquids that erode the teeth
  • does patient have reflux
58
Q
A

Fixed Pros II (13 decks)

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