Esters and Acyl Chlorides Flashcards
1
Q
What is esterification?
A
- Reacting an alcohol and carboxylic acid together, forming an ester
- The alcohol is warmed with conc sulfuric acid, a carboxylic acid, the sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst
2
Q
How do you form an ester from an acyl chloride?
A
- From an acyl chloride and an alcohol, this produces an ester and hydrochloric acid
3
Q
How do you form an ester from acid anhydrides?
A
- an acid anhydride reacts with an alcohol, forming an ester
4
Q
What are the two ways to hydrolyse an ester?
A
- Acid hydrolysis
- Alkaline hydrolysis
5
Q
How do you carry out acid hydrolysis of an ester + products?
A
- the ester is heated under reflux with dilute aqueous acid
- the ester is broken down with water with the acid acting as the catalyst
- This produces a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
6
Q
How do you carry out alkaline hydrolysis + products?
A
- This can be done by heating the ester under reflux with aqueous hydroxide ions
- This forms a carboxylate ion and an alcohol
- If the alkali is sodium hydroxide, the salt will be sodium carboxylate ion
7
Q
What are the reactions acyl chlorides go through?
A
- esters
- primary amide
- secondary amide
8
Q
How do you prepare an acyl chloride?
A
- Acyl chlorides can be prepared by reacting a carboxylic acid and reacting it with thionylchloride, SOCL2
- the products are an acyl chloride, so2 and HCL
9
Q
Show the products of reacting propanoic acid and socl2.
A
notes
10
Q
How do you form an ester from an acyl chloride?
A
- acyl chlorides can react with phenols to form esters
11
Q
How do you form a carboxylic acid from an acyl chloride?
A
- acyl chlorides react with water to form a carboxylic acid and hydrochloric acid
12
Q
How do you form a primary amide from an acyl chloride?
A
- reacting an acyl chloride with ammonia, forms a primary amide
13
Q
How do you form a secondary amide from an acyl chloride?
A
- A primary amine reacts with an acyl chloride to form a secondary amide
