Esters Flashcards
How are esters made using carboxylic acids?
Carboxylic acids react with alcohol to produce an ester and H2O
What catalyst is used during the reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohol, to make esters?
Concentrated H2SO4
What are the conditions and reagents of hydrolysis of a ester using water?
Reagents= dilute HCL or H2SO4
Conditions= heat under reflux
What is formed from the hydrolysis of esters?
A carboxylic acid and an alcohol
How do you determine the products of hydrolysis of esters using water?
1.So you rub out the single bond between the between the 2nd carbon (without a Oxygen double bonded) and the oxygen singly bonded
- Then you add a hydrogen onto the oxygen still bonded to the carbon with a double bond= carboxylic acid
- The you add OH onto the carbon which the Onhad been removed off to form an alcohol
How do you determine the ester formed from a Carboxylic acid reacting with an alcohol?
- Rub out the bond between the
between the OH and carbon on the carboxylic acid - Then rub out the bond between the O and H on the alcohol, then bond the oxygen and “R” group from the alcohol to the carbon with the double bonded oxygen on the carboxylic acid
- The hydrogen from the alcohol and the OH from the carboxylic acid form water
How are esters names?
1st part name: this is the first part of the name and is the alcohol it’s is formed from, but ends with -yl (as it’s an alkyl group)
2nd part name : the 2nd part is named from the carboxylic acid its formed from, but we remove the “oic acid” and replace it with -oate
E.g: ethyl propanote
How to make cyclic esters?
Take away the hydrogen atoms from the OH groups
- Then label all the carbons
- Then leave the double bond on the same numbered carbon
- And the single bonded oxygen on the same numbered carbon
What is formed when an ester is hydrolysed using a base?
A salt and an alcohol
How do you draw the salt formed from the hydrolysis of an ester by a base?
-Rub out the bond between the oxygen and the (alcohol part) of the the carboxylic acid
-then add the metal (what’s ever in the base) to the oxygen which has just lost the bond
- then the remaining hydrocarbon group from the alcohol part of the ester add an OH to it forming an alcohol.
How is a carboxylic acid made using an acid anhydride?
By reacting it with an alcohol, forming an ester and carboxylic acid
How is a carboxylic acid made using an acid anhydride?
By reacting it with an alcohol, forming an ester and carboxylic acid
