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Peyman > ESSENTIAL WORDS > Flashcards

ESSENTIAL WORDS Flashcards

1
Q

Logging
The logging industry
A Brazilian logging company

A

The cutting down of trees for commercial use

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2
Q

Array /əˈreɪ/

An array of product

A

A large number; a collection

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3
Q

Habitat /ˈhæbətæt/

Watching monkeys in their natural habitat

A 
(n): The natural area where a plant or animal lives
زیستگاه و محل سکونت
damage/destroy a habitat
provide a habitat 
create a habitat
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4
Q

Extend /ɪkˈstend/
Management have agreed to extend the deadline.
My duties at the school extend beyond just teaching.

A

(v): To reach past; get bigger
توسعه دادن/گسترش دادن/طولانی کردن
extend to/beyond

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5
Q

Fell /fel/

More than 100 trees were felled in just over an hour.

A

(v): to cut down (a tree)

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6
Q

Terrestrial /təˈrestriəl/

Many life forms-both terrestrial and aquatic are becoming endangered as forests vanish

A

(adj): living on the land

زمینی/خاکی

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7
Q

Aquatic /əˈkwætɪk, əˈkwɒ- $ əˈkwæ-, əˈkwɑː-/
Many life forms-both terrestrial and aquatic are becoming endangered as forests vanish

an aquatic plant aquatic sports

A

(adj): living in the water

آبی

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8
Q

Vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/
All hopes of finding the boy alive have vanished.
The pain in his arm and neck had vanished

A

(v): to disappear

محو شدن/غیب شدن/ناپدید شدن

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9
Q

Myriad /ˈmɪriəd/
The myriad causes of homelessness
There are myriad ways to help children learn to read.

A

(adj): Many; numerous

خیلی زیاد

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10
Q

Intact /ɪnˈtækt/

The package arrived intact.

A

(adj): whole complete
not broken, damaged, or spoiled
دست نخورده

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11
Q

Intercept /ˌɪntəˈsept $ -ər-/

His phone calls were intercepted.

A

(v): قطع کردن

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12
Q

Stabilize (also stabilise British English) /ˈsteɪbəlaɪz/
An attempt to stabilize the economy
The patient’s condition has now stabilized.

A

(v): To keep from changing ; Maintaing

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13
Q

Erosion /ɪˈrəʊʒən $ ɪˈroʊ-/
The problem of soil erosion
The highest rates of erosion occur where soil is exposed to drought

A

(n): فرسایش

erosion happens/occurs

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14
Q

Vegetation /ˌvedʒɪˈteɪʃən/

They made their way through the thick vegetation in the valley.

A

(n)(u) (Formal): Plants in general گیاه

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15
Q

Inhibit /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/

Inhibit somebody from doing something

A

(v): To prevent; Slow down مانع شدن

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16
Q

Deforestation /diːˌfɒrəˈsteɪʃən $ -ˌfɔː-, -ˌfɑː-/
the deforestation of the tropics
Some parts of tropical America have seen over 70% deforestation.

A

(n): The removal of all trees from a large area جنگل زدایی

Deforest (v)

17
Q

Imperative /ɪmˈperətɪv/

A broad and balanced education is an imperative for raising standards.

A

(adj)(n) : Priority ; an urgent nedd
/ˈɜːdʒənt $ ˈɜːr-/
ضروری

18
Q

Evolve /ɪˈvɒlv $ ɪˈvɑːlv/
evolve from
Fish evolved from prehistoric sea creatures.

A

(v) تکامل یافتن
(noun) evolution
(adjective) evolutionary /ˌiːvəˈluːʃənəri◂, ˌevə- $ ˌevəˈluːʃəneri◂/

19
Q

Breed /briːd/
These dogs were originally bred in Scotland to round up sheep.
Spaniels are my favourite breed of dog.

A

(past tense and past participle bred /bred/)

(v) : To keep animals or plants in order to produce babies or new plants, especially ones with particular qualities
(n) ; a type of animal that is kept as a pet or on a farm نژاد

20
Q

Optimal /ˈɒptəməl $ ˈɑːp-/

Ageing could evolve as part of an optimal life history

A

(adj); Best more favorable SYN optimum

21
Q

Hemisphere /ˈheməsfɪə $ -fɪr/

the Northern hemisphere

A

(n) نیمکره

22
Q

Windswept /ˈwɪndswept/

Windswept moors

A

(adj) : Unprotected from the wind

23
Q

Fuel /ˈfjuːəl/

A

(n) : سوخت

(v) : to provide energy

24
Q

Feat /fiːt/
They climbed the mountain in 28 days, a remarkable feat.
An incredible feat of engineering.

A

(n) : A difficult act or achievement شاهکار

25
Q

Nocturnal /nɒkˈtɜːnl $ nɑːkˈtɜːr-/

Hamsters are nocturnal creatures.

A

(adj) : Active at night

Formal : happening at night

26
Q

Obscure /əbˈskjʊə $ -ˈskjʊr/
an obscure poet
The view was obscured by mist

A

(adj) : SYN : Vague مبهم

(v) : To make difficult to see

27
Q

Stray /streɪ/

Three of the soldiers strayed into enemy territory.

A

(v) : To leave the correct route ; To become separated from the group.
(adj) : a stray animal, such as a dog or cat, is lost or has no home

28
Q

Diurnal /daɪˈɜːnəl $ -ˈɜːr-/

diurnal animals such as cows

A

(adj) : OPP nocturnal

29
Q

Occupy /ˈɒkjəpaɪ $ ˈɑːk-/
1:He occupies the house without paying any rent.

2: Football occupies most of my leisure time.
3: Students occupied Sofia University on Monday
4: Many patients occupy hospital beds

A

(v) : 1:To be in place ; exist in
2: FILL TIME : if something occupies you or your time, you are busy doing it

3: to enter a place in a large group and keep control of it, especially by military force
4: to use something such as a room, seat, or bed

30
Q

Sparse /spɑːs $ spɑːrs/
his sparse brown hair
rural areas with sparse populations

A

(adj): Small in numbers or amount :کم پشت

31
Q

Swing /swɪŋ/ past tense and past participle swung /swʌŋ/)
He was swinging his bag back and forth.
a sign swinging in the wind

A

(v): نوسان داشتن /تاب دادن

32
Q

Transitional /trænˈzɪʃənəl, -ˈsɪ-/
a transitional period during the switch to the euro

transitional government
Meanwhile, the transitional government continued to face challenges to its authority.

A

(adj) :انتقالی

a temporary government, usually one that governs until official elections can take place in a country

33
Q

Fringe /frɪndʒ/

a tall girl with straight brown hair and a fringe

A

(n): if you have a fringe, your hair is cut so that it hangs down over your forehead
the edge of something

34
Q

Diverse /daɪˈvɜːs $ dəˈvɜːrs, daɪ-/

subjects as diverse as pop music and archaeology

A

(adj) : Varied ; of many kinds

Peyman (5 decks)

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